Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in India: secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies

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• dc.contributor.author O'Callaghan-Gordo, Cristina
• dc.contributor.author Shivashankar, Roopa
• dc.contributor.author Anand, Schuchi
• dc.contributor.author Ghosh, Shreeparna
• dc.contributor.author Glaser, Jason
• dc.contributor.author Gupta, Ruby
• dc.contributor.author Jakobsson, Kristina
• dc.contributor.author Kondal, Dimple
• dc.contributor.author Krishnan, Anand
• dc.contributor.author Mohan, Sailesh
• dc.contributor.author Mohan, Viswanathan
• dc.contributor.author Nitsch, Dorothea
• dc.contributor.author Praveen, P. A.
• dc.contributor.author Tandon, Nikhil
• dc.contributor.author Narayan, K. M. Venkat
• dc.contributor.author Pearce, Neil E.
• dc.contributor.author Caplin, Ben
• dc.contributor.author Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
• dc.date.accessioned 2020-05-26T07:37:40Z
• dc.date.available 2020-05-26T07:37:40Z
• dc.date.issued 2019
• dc.description.abstract Objectives: To assess whether chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) is present in India and to identify risk factors for it using population-based data and standardised methods. Design: Secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies conducted between 2010 and 2014. Setting: Urban and rural areas of Northern India (states of Delhi and Haryana) and Southern India (states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh). Participants: 12 500 individuals without diabetes, hypertension or heavy proteinuria. Outcome measures: Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and prevalence of eGFR below 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (eGFR <60) in individuals without diabetes, hypertension or heavy proteinuria (proxy definition of CKDu). Results: The mean eGFR was 105.0±17.8 mL/min per 1.73 m2. The prevalence of eGFR <60 was 1.6% (95% CI=1.4 to 1.7), but this figure varied markedly between areas, being highest in rural areas of Southern Indian (4.8% (3.8 to 5.8)). In Northern India, older age was the only risk factor associated with lower mean eGFR and eGFR <60 (regression coefficient (95% CI)=-0.94 (0.97 to 0.91); OR (95% CI)=1.10 (1.08 to 1.11)). In Southern India, risk factors for lower mean eGFR and eGFR <60, respectively, were residence in a rural area (-7.78 (-8.69 to -6.86); 4.95 (2.61 to 9.39)), older age (-0.90 (-0.93 to -0.86); 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08)) and less education (-0.94 (-1.32 to -0.56); 0.67 (0.50 to 0.90) for each 5 years at school). Conclusions: CKDu is present in India and is not confined to Central America and Sri Lanka. Identified risk factors are consistent with risk factors previously reported for CKDu in Central America and Sri Lanka.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Shivashankar R, Anand S, Ghosh S, Glaser J, Gupta R, Jakobsson K, Kondal D, Krishnan A, Mohan S, Mohan V, Nitsch D, Praveen PA, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Pearce N, Caplin B, Prabhakaran D. Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in India: secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(3):e023353. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023353
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023353
• dc.identifier.issn 2044-6055
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/44804
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher BMJ Publishing Group
• dc.relation.ispartof BMJ Open. 2019; 9(3):e023353
• dc.rights © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Chronic renal failure
• dc.subject.keyword Epidemiology
• dc.subject.keyword Nephrology
• dc.subject.keyword Public health
• dc.title Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in India: secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion