Global assessment of chemical quality of drinking water: the case of trihalomethanes

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• dc.contributor.author Villanueva, Cristina M.
• dc.contributor.author Evlampidou, Iro
• dc.contributor.author Fathelrahman, Ibrahim
• dc.contributor.author Donat-Vargas, Carolina
• dc.contributor.author Valentín, Antònia
• dc.contributor.author Kogevinas, Manolis
• dc.date.accessioned 2023-03-14T07:13:16Z
• dc.date.available 2023-03-14T07:13:16Z
• dc.date.issued 2023
• dc.description.abstract Trihalomethanes (THM), a major class of disinfection by-products, are widespread and are associated with adverse health effects. We conducted a global evaluation of current THM regulations and concentrations in drinking water. We included 120 countries (∼7000 million inhabitants in 2016), representing 94% of the world population. We searched for country regulations and THM routine monitoring data using a questionnaire addressed to referent contacts. Scientific and gray literature was reviewed where contacts were not identified or declined participation. We obtained or estimated annual average THM concentrations, weighted to the population served when possible. Drinking water regulations were ascertained for 116/120 (97%) countries, with 89/116 (77%) including THM regulations. Routine monitoring was implemented in 47/89 (53%) of countries with THM regulations. THM data with a varying population coverage was obtained for 69/120 (58%) countries consisting of ∼5600 million inhabitants (76% of world's population in 2016). Population coverage was ≥90% in 14 countries, mostly in the Global North, 50–89% in 19 countries, 11–49% among 21 countries, and ≤10% in 14 countries including India, China, Russian Federation and Nigeria (40% of world's population). An enormous gap exists in THM regulatory status, routine monitoring practice, reporting and data availability among countries, especially between high- vs. low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). More efforts are warranted to regulate and systematically assess chemical quality of drinking water, centralize, harmonize, and openly report data, particularly in LMICs.
• dc.description.sponsorship We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023″ Program (CEX2018–000806-S) and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program, and from the University of South Carolina's Magellan scholarship and Honors College. This work was funded by the 7th Framework Programme EXPOSOMICS Project (Grant agreement 308610).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Villanueva CM, Evlampidou I, Fathelrahman I, Donat-Vargas C, Valentin A, Tugulea A, et al. Global assessment of chemical quality of drinking water: the case of trihalomethanes. Water Research. 2023 Feb 15;230:119568. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119568
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119568
• dc.identifier.issn 0043-1354
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56211
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Water Research. 2023 Feb 15;230:119568
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308610
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/CEX2018–000806-S
• dc.rights © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Drinking water
• dc.subject.keyword Chemicals
• dc.subject.keyword Disinfection by products
• dc.subject.keyword Trihalomethanes
• dc.subject.keyword Quality
• dc.subject.keyword Routine monitoring
• dc.subject.keyword Regulation
• dc.subject.keyword International
• dc.title Global assessment of chemical quality of drinking water: the case of trihalomethanes
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion