Outdoor infiltration and indoor contribution of UFP and BC, OC, secondary inorganic ions and metals in PM2.5 in schools
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- dc.contributor.author Rivas, Ioarca
- dc.contributor.author Viana, Maria Carmenca
- dc.contributor.author Moreno, Teresaca
- dc.contributor.author Bouso, Lauraca
- dc.contributor.author Pandolfi, Marcoca
- dc.contributor.author Álvarez Pedrerol, Marca
- dc.contributor.author Forns i Guzman, Joan, 1981-ca
- dc.contributor.author Alastuey, Andrésca
- dc.contributor.author Sunyer Deu, Jordica
- dc.contributor.author Querol, Xavierca
- dc.date.accessioned 2016-04-18T14:36:37Z
- dc.date.available 2016-04-18T14:36:37Z
- dc.date.issued 2015
- dc.description.abstract Infiltration of outdoor-sourced particles into indoor environments in 39 schools in Barcelona was assessed during school hours. Tracers of road traffic emissions (NO2, Equivalent Black Carbon (EBC), Ultrafine Particles (UFP), Sb), secondary inorganic aerosols (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+) and a number of PM2.5 trace elements showed median indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios ≤ 1, indicating that outdoor sources importantly contributed to indoor concentrations. Conversely, OC and mineral components had I/O ratios>1. Different infiltration factors were found for traffic and secondary components (0.31–0.75 and 0.50–0.92, cold and warm season respectively), with maxima corresponding to EBC and Cd. Higher concentrations of indoor-generated particles were observed when closed windows hindered dispersion (cold season). Building age was not a major determinant of indoor levels. Neither were the window's material, except for NO2 (with an increase of 8 μg m−3 for wood framed windows) and the mineral components (also dependent on the presence of sand in a distance <20 m) that reach the indoor environment via soil adhering to footwear with their dispersion being more barred by Aluminium/PVC framed windows than the wooden ones. Enlarged indoor concentrations of some trace elements suggest the presence of indoor sources that should be further investigated in order to achieve a healthier school indoor environment.ca
- dc.description.sponsorship The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (ERC Advanced Grant) under grant agreement number 268479 - the BREATHE project. Thanks are due to all the participant schools and colleagues. Additional instrumentation was kindly provided by national projects IMPACT (CGL2011-26574), VAMOS (CLG2010-19464-CLI) and CECAT (CTM2011-14730-E).
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
- dc.identifier.citation Rivas I, Viana M, Moreno T, Bouso L, Pandolfi M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M et al. Outdoor infiltration and indoor contribution of UFP and BC, OC, secondary inorganic ions and metals in PM2.5 in schools. Atmospheric environment. 2015;106:129-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.055ca
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.055
- dc.identifier.issn 1352-2310
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/26114
- dc.language.iso engca
- dc.publisher Elsevierca
- dc.relation.ispartof Atmospheric environment. 2015;106:129-38
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/268479
- dc.rights © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)ca
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessca
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- dc.subject.other Aire -- Contaminacióca
- dc.subject.other Infants -- Desenvolupamentca
- dc.title Outdoor infiltration and indoor contribution of UFP and BC, OC, secondary inorganic ions and metals in PM2.5 in schoolsca
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/articleca
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionca