Exposure-response relationships between road traffic, railway, and aircraft noise and annoyance in Bulgarian cities
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- dc.contributor.author Dzhambov, Angel M.
- dc.contributor.author Burov, Angel
- dc.contributor.author Hagenauer, Julian
- dc.contributor.author Helbich, Marco
- dc.contributor.author Dimitrova, Donka
- dc.contributor.author Markevych, Iana
- dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
- dc.date.accessioned 2025-02-26T07:13:52Z
- dc.date.available 2025-02-26T07:13:52Z
- dc.date.issued 2025
- dc.description.abstract This study aimed to develop exposure-response relationships (ERRs) between road, rail, and air traffic noise and high noise annoyance (HNA) and to assess the HNA disease burden. In 2023, 4640 adults were cross-sectionally sampled from the five largest cities in Bulgaria. Participants' road, rail/tram, and air traffic HNA was defined as the top two categories (60% cut-off point) of a 5-point scale. A 72% cut-off approximation was also used. European Noise Directive maps were used to assign day-evening-night equivalent sound levels (Lden) to residences. ERRs were derived and used, together with the new WHO disability weight for HNA, to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs were monetised based on Bulgaria's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the value of a life year (VOLY). In fully adjusted models, Lden was non-linearly associated with HNA. Road traffic Lden [range 42.5-77.5 dB] was positively associated with HNA only above 62.5 dB, whereas the upward trend for rail [range 37.5-72.5 dB] and air traffic Lden [range 37.5-57.5 dB] started at 40-45 dB. Using this study's ERRs, the burden among people exposed to ≥40 dB was 3476 (1896-5056) DALYs, $ 39 138 953 (21 348 520-56 929 386) based on GDP, and € 243 310 984 (94 796 487-505 581 266) based on VOLY. Using the WHO's curves, the burden was 4312 (2352-6273) DALYs, $ 48 559 330 (26 486 907-70 631 753), and € 301 873 648 (117 613 110-627 269 918). In conclusion, we could only derive a plausible ERR for railway noise annoyance. Until better ERRs are derived for the Bulgarian population, we recommend using the WHO curves for road traffic and aircraft noise annoyance.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Dzhambov AM, Burov A, Hagenauer J, Helbich M, Dimitrova D, Markevych I, et al. Exposure-response relationships between road traffic, railway, and aircraft noise and annoyance in Bulgarian cities. Environ Res. 2025 Jan 16;269:120879. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.120879
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.120879
- dc.identifier.issn 0013-9351
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/69745
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Environ Res. 2025 Jan 16;269:120879
- dc.rights © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword Eastern Europe
- dc.subject.keyword Noise perception
- dc.subject.keyword Noise sensitivity
- dc.subject.keyword Noise survey
- dc.subject.keyword Transport noise exposure
- dc.title Exposure-response relationships between road traffic, railway, and aircraft noise and annoyance in Bulgarian cities
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion