Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new orangutan species

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  • dc.contributor.author Nater, Alexanderca
  • dc.contributor.author Mattle-Greminger, Maja P.ca
  • dc.contributor.author Nurcahyo, Antonca
  • dc.contributor.author Novak, Matthew G.ca
  • dc.contributor.author de Manuel, Marcca
  • dc.contributor.author Desai, Tariqca
  • dc.contributor.author Groves, Colinca
  • dc.contributor.author Pybus Oliveras, Marc, 1985-ca
  • dc.contributor.author Sonay, Tugce Bilginca
  • dc.contributor.author Roos, Christianca
  • dc.contributor.author Lameira, Adriano R.ca
  • dc.contributor.author Wich, Serge A.ca
  • dc.contributor.author Askew, Jamesca
  • dc.contributor.author Davila-Ross, Marinaca
  • dc.contributor.author Fredriksson, Gabriellaca
  • dc.contributor.author de Valles-Ibáñez, Guillemca
  • dc.contributor.author Casals López, Ferranca
  • dc.contributor.author Prado Martínez, Javier, 1987-ca
  • dc.contributor.author Goossens, Benoitca
  • dc.contributor.author Verschoor, Ernst J.ca
  • dc.contributor.author Warren, Kristin S.ca
  • dc.contributor.author Singleton, Ianca
  • dc.contributor.author Marques, David A.ca
  • dc.contributor.author Pamungkas, Jokoca
  • dc.contributor.author Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyahca
  • dc.contributor.author Rianti, Pujica
  • dc.contributor.author Tuuga, Augustineca
  • dc.contributor.author Gut, Ivo Glynneca
  • dc.contributor.author Gut, Martaca
  • dc.contributor.author Orozco-terWengel, Pabloca
  • dc.contributor.author Van Schaik, Carel P.ca
  • dc.contributor.author Bertranpetit, Jaume, 1952-ca
  • dc.contributor.author Anisimova, Mariaca
  • dc.contributor.author Scally, Aylwynca
  • dc.contributor.author Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-ca
  • dc.contributor.author Meijaard, Erikca
  • dc.contributor.author Krützen, Michaelca
  • dc.date.accessioned 2018-04-19T09:22:37Z
  • dc.date.issued 2017
  • dc.description.abstract Six extant species of non-human great apes are currently recognized: Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, eastern and western gorillas, and chimpanzees and bonobos [1]. However, large gaps remain in our knowledge of fine-scale variation in hominoid morphology, behavior, and genetics, and aspects of great ape taxonomy remain in flux. This is particularly true for orangutans (genus: Pongo), the only Asian great apes and phylogenetically our most distant relatives among extant hominids [1]. Designation of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans, P. pygmaeus (Linnaeus 1760) and P. abelii (Lesson 1827), as distinct species occurred in 2001 [1, 2]. Here, we show that an isolated population from Batang Toru, at the southernmost range limit of extant Sumatran orangutans south of Lake Toba, is distinct from other northern Sumatran and Bornean populations. By comparing cranio-mandibular and dental characters of an orangutan killed in a human-animal conflict to those of 33 adult male orangutans of a similar developmental stage, we found consistent differences between the Batang Toru individual and other extant Ponginae. Our analyses of 37 orangutan genomes provided a second line of evidence. Model-based approaches revealed that the deepest split in the evolutionary history of extant orangutans occurred ∼3.38 mya between the Batang Toru population and those to the north of Lake Toba, whereas both currently recognized species separated much later, about 674 kya. Our combined analyses support a new classification of orangutans into three extant species. The new species, Pongo tapanuliensis, encompasses the Batang Toru population, of which fewer than 800 individuals survive.
  • dc.description.sponsorship This work was financially supported by University of 291 Zurich (UZH) Forschungskredit grants FK-10 (MPMG), FK-15-103 (AlN), and FK-14-094 (TBS), 292 Swiss National Science Foundation grant 3100A-116848 (MK, CvS), Leakey Foundation (MPMG), 293 A.H. Schultz Foundation grants (MK, MPMG), UZH Research Priority Program ‘Evolution in Action’ 294 (MK), the Arcus Foundation (EM), Australian National University (ANU) research fund (AnN), ANU 295 Vice Chancellor Travel Grant (AnN), Australia Awards Scholarship-DFAT (AnN), ERC Starting Grant 296 260372 (TMB), EMBO YIP 2013 (TMB), MINECO BFU2014-55090-P, BFU2015-7116-ERC, 297 BFU2015-6215-ERCU01, and MH106874 (TMB), Fundacio Zoo Barcelona (TMB), Julius–Klaus 298 Foundation (MK), MINECO/FEDER BFU2016-77961-P (JB, MP), Gates Cambridge Trust (TD), and 299 the Department of Anthropology at the University of Zurich
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Nater A, Mattle-Greminger MP, Nurcahyo A, Nowak MG, de Manuel M, Desai T et al. Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new orangutan species. Curr Biol. 2017 Nov 20;27(22):3487-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047
  • dc.identifier.issn 0960-9822
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/34400
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher Elsevierca
  • dc.relation.ispartof Current Biology. 2017 Nov 20;27(22):3487-98
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/260372
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/BFU2014-55090-P
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/BFU2016-77961-P
  • dc.rights © Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.subject.other Orangutans
  • dc.subject.other Genètica de poblacions
  • dc.title Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new orangutan speciesca
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

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