Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: A Cross-National Analysis Based on 31,261 Respondents From 18 Countries.

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• dc.contributor.author McGrath, John J.ca
• dc.contributor.author Kessler, Ronald C.ca
• dc.contributor.author Alonso Caballero, Jordica
• dc.date.accessioned 2015-11-06T08:31:02Z
• dc.date.available 2016-07-31T02:00:04Z
• dc.date.issued 2015
• dc.description.abstract IMPORTANCE: Community-based surveys find that many otherwise healthy individuals report histories of hallucinations and delusions. To date, most studies have focused on the overall lifetime prevalence of any of these psychotic experiences (PEs), which might mask important features related to the types and frequencies of PEs. OBJECTIVE: To explore detailed epidemiologic information about PEs in a large multinational sample./nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We obtained data from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, a coordinated set of community epidemiologic surveys of the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in representative household samples from 18 countries throughout the world, from 2001 through 2009. Respondents included 31,261 adults (18 years and older) who were asked about lifetime and 12-month prevalence and frequency of 6 types of PEs (2 hallucinatory experiences and 4 delusional experiences). We analyzed the data from March 2014 through January 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prevalence, frequency, and correlates of PEs. RESULTS: Mean lifetime prevalence (SE) of ever having a PE was 5.8% (0.2%), with hallucinatory experiences (5.2% [0.2%]) much more common than delusional experiences (1.3% [0.1%]). More than two-thirds (72.0%) of respondents with lifetime PEs reported experiencing only 1 type. Psychotic experiences were typically infrequent, with 32.2% of respondents with lifetime PEs reporting only 1 occurrence and 31.8% reporting only 2 to 5 occurrences. We found a significant relationship between having more than 1 type of PE and having more frequent PE episodes (Cochran-Armitage z = -10.0; P < .001). Lifetime prevalence estimates (SEs) were significantly higher among respondents in middle- and high-income countries than among those in low-income countries (7.2% [0.4%], 6.8% [0.3%], and 3.2% [0.3%], respectively; χ²₂ range, 7.1-58.2; P < .001 for each) and among women than among men (6.6% [0.2%] vs 5.0% [0.3%]; χ²₁ = 16.0; P < .001). We found significant associations with lifetime prevalence of PEs in the multivariate model among nonmarried compared with married respondents (χ²₂ = 23.2; P < .001) and among respondents who were not employed (χ²₄= 10.6; P < .001) and who had low family incomes (χ²₃ = 16.9; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The epidemiologic features of PEs are more nuanced than previously thought. Research is needed that focuses on similarities and differences in the predictors of the onset, course, and consequences of distinct PEs.ca
• dc.description.sponsorship Each World Mental Health (WMH) country obtained funding for its own survey. The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey is supported by Thematic Project Grant 03/00 204-3 from the State of São Paulo Research Foundation; the Shenzhen Mental Health Survey, by the Shenzhen Bureau of Health and the Shenzhen Bureau of Science, Technology, and Information; the Colombian National Study of Mental Health, by the Ministry of Social Protection and the Saldarriaga Concha Foundation; the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders project, by contracts LG5−1999−01042 and 2004123 from the European Commission, the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (the Piedmont Region [Italy]), grant FIS 00/0028 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain), grant SAF 2000−158-CE from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain), grants Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red CB06/02/0046 and Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud RD06/0011 REM-TAP from the Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, other local agencies, and an unrestricted educational grant from (IMHS), by funding from the Japanese and European funds through United Nations Development Group Iraq Trust Fund; the Lebanese National Mental Health Survey, by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, the World Health Organization (WHO) (Lebanon), anonymous private donations to the Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care, Lebanon, and unrestricted grants from Janssen Cilag, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, and Novartis; the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (MNCS), by grant INPRFMDIES 4280 from The National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, grant CONACyT-G30544-H from the National Council on Science and Technology, and supplemental support from the Pan American Health Organization; the New Zealand Mental Health Survey, by the New Zealand Ministry of Health, Alcohol Advisory Council, and the Health Research Council; the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-being, by the WHO (Geneva), the WHO (Nigeria), and the Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja; the Peruvian World Mental Health Study, by the National Institute of Health of the Ministry of Health of Peru; and the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication, by grant U01-MH60220 from the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, grant 044708 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the John W. Alden Trust. Additional support was from John Cade Fellowship APP1056929 from the National Health and Medical Research Council (Dr McGrath).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
• dc.identifier.citation McGrath JJ, Saha S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R. Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: A Cross-National Analysis Based on 31,261 Respondents From 18 Countries. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;72(7):697-705. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.ca
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0575
• dc.identifier.issn 2168-622X
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/25013
• dc.language.iso engca
• dc.publisher American Medical Associationca
• dc.relation.ispartof JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;72(7):697-705
• dc.rights Copyright 2015 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(7):697-705. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0575ca
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.subject.other Malalties mentalsca
• dc.subject.other Al·lucinacions i il·lusionsca
• dc.title Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: A Cross-National Analysis Based on 31,261 Respondents From 18 Countries.ca
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/articleca
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionca