Therapeutic drug monitoring of amikacin and colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections using a portable plasmonic biosensor

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  • dc.contributor.author Astúa, Alejandro
  • dc.contributor.author Estevez, Maria Carmen
  • dc.contributor.author Luque Pardos, Sònia
  • dc.contributor.author Grau Cerrato, Santiago
  • dc.contributor.author Sorli Redó, M. Luisa
  • dc.contributor.author Montero, Maria Milagro
  • dc.contributor.author Horcajada Gallego, Juan Pablo
  • dc.contributor.author Lechuga, Laura M.
  • dc.date.accessioned 2025-07-25T06:20:35Z
  • dc.date.available 2025-07-25T06:20:35Z
  • dc.date.issued 2025
  • dc.description.abstract Innovative diagnostic tools that enhance antibiotic routine monitoring can improve the management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) involves measuring drug levels in the patient bloodstream to ensure optimal efficacy and safety, particularly for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (TI), assisting in dosage control and toxicity risk management. Amikacin (AK) and colistin (CS) are crucial antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria but they have side effects that require a precise TDM to try to minimize them. Current analytical techniques like immunoassays, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are gold standards for the antibiotic analysis, but they may require transferring the human samples to centralized facilities, delaying crucial results and turnaround time. In contrast, plasmonic biosensors offer advantages for clinical diagnostics, enabling real-time drug detection with minimal sample volume and processing, being ideal for point-of-care applications. We have implemented plasmonic biosensors to quantify and rapidly monitor blood levels of amikacin and colistin. The biosensors provide high specificity and sensitivity, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.92 ng/mL (1.57 nM) for amikacin and 9.11 pg/mL (7.88 pM) for colistin in blood serum. Statistics analyses demonstrated a strong correlation between the biosensor evaluation and the standard analytical methods (Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.9171 (p-value < 0.001) and 0.7435 (p-value = 0.04) for amikacin and colistin, respectively). Our plasmonic biosensors offer in addition, simplicity, portability, and label-free evaluation, with multiplexed capabilities. The rapid turnaround of results in under 20 min, coupled with minimal sample processing, enhances the feasibility of personalized TDM, supporting tailored treatment strategies that can improve patient outcomes. This work lays the foundation for creating an integrated point-of-care biosensor platform for effectively performing TDM of antibiotics and other drugs in real-time at the patient's bedside in clinical settings.
  • dc.description.sponsorship We acknowledge the financial support received for the PHITBAC project (PLEC2021-007739), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. A.A. acknowledges the financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754397. The ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence program, grant CEX2021-001214-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039.501100011033. The nanoB2A is a consolidated research group (‘Grup de Recerca’) of the Generalitat de Catalunya and is supported by the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya (no. 2021 SGR 00456).
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Astúa A, Estevez MC, Luque S, Grau S, Sorlí L, Montero M, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of amikacin and colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections using a portable plasmonic biosensor. Anal Chem. 2025 Jun 17;97(23):12051-9. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06748
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06748
  • dc.identifier.issn 0003-2700
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/71003
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • dc.relation.ispartof Anal Chem. 2025 Jun 17;97(23):12051-9
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/754397
  • dc.rights © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • dc.subject.keyword Antimicrobial agents
  • dc.subject.keyword Biopolymers
  • dc.subject.keyword Biotechnology
  • dc.subject.keyword Sensors
  • dc.subject.keyword Serum
  • dc.title Therapeutic drug monitoring of amikacin and colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections using a portable plasmonic biosensor
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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