Social inequalities in mental health and self-perceived health in the first wave of COVID-19 lockdown in Latin America and Spain: results of an online observational study

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  • dc.contributor.author Salas Quijada, Carmen
  • dc.contributor.author López Contreras, Natalia, 1986-
  • dc.contributor.author López-Jiménez, Tomàs
  • dc.contributor.author Medina Perucha, Laura
  • dc.contributor.author León Gómez, Brenda Biaani
  • dc.contributor.author Peralta Chiriboga, Alejandro Andrés, 1985-
  • dc.contributor.author Arteaga Contreras, Karen M.
  • dc.contributor.author Berenguera, Anna
  • dc.contributor.author Queiroga Gonçalves, Alessandra
  • dc.contributor.author Horna Campos, Olivia Janett
  • dc.contributor.author Mazzei, Marinella
  • dc.contributor.author Anigstein, Maria Sol
  • dc.contributor.author Ribeiro Barbosa, Jakeline
  • dc.contributor.author Bardales Mendoza, Olga
  • dc.contributor.author Benach, Joan
  • dc.contributor.author Borges Machado, Daiane
  • dc.contributor.author Torres Castillo, Ana Lucía
  • dc.contributor.author Jacques Aviñó, Constanza
  • dc.date.accessioned 2024-03-07T07:16:10Z
  • dc.date.available 2024-03-07T07:16:10Z
  • dc.date.issued 2023
  • dc.description.abstract COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Self-perceived health (SPH), anxiety (measured through GAD-7) and depression (measured through PHQ-9) were measured along with lockdown, COVID-19, and social variables. The prevalence of poor SPH, anxiety, and depression was calculated. The analyses were stratified by gender (men = M; women = W) and country. The data from 39,006 people were analyzed (W = 71.9%). There was a higher prevalence of poor SPH and bad mental health in women in all countries studied. Peru had the worst SPH results, while Chile and Ecuador had the worst mental health indicators. Spain had the lowest prevalence of poor SPH and mental health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression decreased as age increased. Unemployment, poor working conditions, inadequate housing, and the highest unpaid workload were associated with worse mental health and poor SPH, especially in women. In future policies, worldwide public measures should consider the great social inequalities in health present between and within countries in order to tackle health emergencies while reducing the health breach between populations.
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Salas Quijada C, Lopez-Contreras N, Lopez-Jimenez T, Medina-Perucha L, Leon-Gomez BB, Peralta A, Arteaga-Contreras KM, Berenguera A, Queiroga GonCalves A, Horna-Campos OJ, Mazzei M, Anigstein MS, Ribeiro Barbosa J, Bardales-Mendoza O, Benach J, Borges Machado D, Torres Castillo AL, Jacques-Aviño C. Social inequalities in mental health and self-perceived health in the first wave of COVID-19 lockdown in Latin America and Spain: results of an online observational study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(9):5722. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095722
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095722
  • dc.identifier.issn 1661-7827
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59347
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher MDPI
  • dc.relation.ispartof International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(9):5722.
  • dc.rights © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • dc.subject.keyword COVID-19
  • dc.subject.keyword social impact
  • dc.subject.keyword lockdown
  • dc.subject.keyword mental health
  • dc.subject.keyword inequities
  • dc.subject.keyword self-perceived health
  • dc.title Social inequalities in mental health and self-perceived health in the first wave of COVID-19 lockdown in Latin America and Spain: results of an online observational study
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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