Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 vaccine antibody response in a general population cohort (COVICAT Study, Catalonia)

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• dc.contributor.author Kogevinas, Manolis
• dc.contributor.author Karachaliou, Marianna
• dc.contributor.author Espinosa Díaz, Ana
• dc.contributor.author Aguilar, Ruth
• dc.contributor.author Castaño Vinyals, Gemma
• dc.contributor.author García Aymerich, Judith
• dc.contributor.author Rubio, Rocío
• dc.contributor.author Jiménez, Alfons
• dc.contributor.author Vidal, Marta
• dc.contributor.author Izquierdo, Luis
• dc.contributor.author Cirach, Marta
• dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
• dc.contributor.author Dadvand, Payam
• dc.contributor.author Straif, Kurt
• dc.contributor.author Moncunill, Gemma
• dc.contributor.author Dobaño, Carlota
• dc.contributor.author Tonne, Cathryn
• dc.date.accessioned 2023-06-30T06:44:03Z
• dc.date.available 2023-06-30T06:44:03Z
• dc.date.issued 2023
• dc.description.abstract Background: Ambient air pollution has been associated with COVID-19 disease severity and antibody response induced by infection. Objectives: We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and vaccine-induced antibody response. Methods: This study was nested in an ongoing population-based cohort, COVICAT, the GCAT-Genomes for Life cohort, in Catalonia, Spain, with multiple follow-ups. We drew blood samples in 2021 from 1,090 participants of 2,404 who provided samples in 2020, and we included 927 participants in this analysis. We measured immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against five viral-target antigens, including receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-protein (S), and segment spike-protein (S2) triggered by vaccines available in Spain. We estimated prepandemic (2018-2019) exposure to fine particulate matter [PM ≤ 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) using Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) models. We adjusted estimates for individual- and area-level covariates, time since vaccination, and vaccine doses and type and stratified by infection status. We used generalized additive models to explore the relationship between air pollution and antibodies according to days since vaccination. Results: Among vaccinated persons not infected by SARS-CoV-2 (n=632), higher prepandemic air pollution levels were associated with a lower vaccine antibody response for IgM (1 month post vaccination) and IgG. Percentage change in geometric mean IgG levels per interquartile range of PM2.5 (1.7μg/m3) were −8.1 (95% CI: −15.9, 0.4) for RBD,−9.9 (−16.2, −3.1) for S, and −8.4 (−13.5, −3.0) for S2. We observed a similar pattern for NO2 and BC and an inverse pattern for O3. Differences in IgG levels by air pollution levels persisted with time since vaccination. We did not observe an association of air pollution with vaccine antibody response among participants with prior infection (n=295). Discussion: Exposure to air pollution was associated with lower COVID-19 vaccine antibody response. The implications of this association on the risk of breakthrough infections require further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11989.
• dc.description.sponsorship We acknowledge support from the Incentius a l’Avaluació de Centres CERCA (in_CERCA); EIT HEALTH BP2020-20873-Certify.Health; Fundació Privada Daniel Bravo Andreu; Spanish Ministry of Science & Innovation (PID2019-110810RB-I00 grant); the Spanish State Research Agency and Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI17/01555) and the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. This study makes use of data generated by the GCAT-Genomes for Life. Cohort study of the Genomes of Catalonia, Fundació IGTP. IGTP is part of the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya. GCAT is supported by Acción de Dinamización del ISCIII-MINECO and the Department of Health of the Generalitat of Catalunya (ADE 10/00026); the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017-SGR 529). G.M. is supported by RYC2020-029886-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, co-funded by European Social Fund. B.C. is supported by ISCIII national grant PI18/01512. R.R. is supported by the Health Department, Catalan Government (PERIS SLT017/20/000224). The full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the GCAT data is available from http://www.genomesforlife.com. Data are available from the authors.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Kogevinas M, Karachaliou M, Espinosa A, Aguilar R, Castaño-Vinyals G, Garcia-Aymerich J, et al. Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 vaccine antibody response in a general population cohort (COVICAT Study, Catalonia). Environ Health Perspect. 2023 Apr;131(4):47001. DOI: 10.1289/EHP11989
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP11989
• dc.identifier.issn 0091-6765
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57415
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Health Perspect. 2023 Apr;131(4):47001
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/PID2019-110810RB-I00
• dc.rights Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.title Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 vaccine antibody response in a general population cohort (COVICAT Study, Catalonia)
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion