Mother's educational level and family structure: comparing Spain and Italy

Abstract

During the second half of the twentieth century, there has been a positive relationship between single parenthood and the mother’s educational level in Spain and Italy. However, several important transformations contemplated in Goode’s theory suggest that this relationship might have been inverted in Spain but perhaps not in Italy. The purpose of our study is to test this hypothesis using EU_SILC data from waves 2005 and 2011 and logistic regressions. We found the relationship between the mother’s education and being a single mother is negative in Spain, while it is not significant in Italy. However, we found that for Italian mothers aged 40 and younger, and mothers from northwest Italy, this relationship is also negative. In contrast, for older mothers and mothers from the islands or southern Italy, this association is positive, while for mothers from the central and northeast regions, the relationship between education and single motherhood is not significant. These results show how Spain and some parts of the Italian society are moving towards family models similar to those in the northern European countries. As Sara McLanahan (2004) noted for United States, this social transformation in southern Europe cannot be considered without recognizing the potential negative consequence for future generations. The single-mother households dealing with the economic crisis which started in 2008 have lower socioeconomic backgrounds than single mothers who suffered through previous crises, and, therefore, the consequences of this crisis for children in single-parent families might be even more negative, especially in Spain.