Torres Toda, MariaEstarlich, MarisaBallester Díez, Ferrande Castro, MontserratFernández-Somoano, AnaIbarluzea, JesúsIñiguez, CarmenLertxundi, AitanaSubiza-Pérez, MikelSunyer Deu, JordiTardón, AdoninaForaster Pulido, Maria, 1984-Dadvand, Payam2022-12-022022-12-022022Torres Toda M, Estarlich M, Ballester F, De Castro M, Fernández-Somoano A, Ibarluzea J, Iñiguez C, Lertxundi A, Subiza-Perez M, Sunyer J, Tardón A, Foraster M, Dadvand P. Associations of residential greenspace exposure and fetal growth across four areas in Spain. Health Place. 2022 Nov;78:102912. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.1029121353-8292http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55075An accumulating body of evidence has associated exposure to greenspace with improved birth outcomes, including higher birth weight and lower risk of low birth weight; however, evidence on such association with in-utero fetal growth is scarce. We explored the influence of maternal exposure to residential greenspace and fetal growth in four INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Spanish birth cohorts (2003-2008), with 2,465 participants. Residential greenspace was characterised by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average across 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers around the residence. Repeated ultrasound measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were used. We created customised-generalised least squares models to evaluate associations of residential greenspace exposure on each fetal growth parameter, controlled for the relevant confounders. There were associations between the 500 m buffer and BPD, FL, and AC. We also found associations in the 300 m buffer and FL and AC. The associations in the 100 m buffer were null. Estimates were higher among participants with lower socioeconomic status. Mediation analyses found that air pollution might explain 15-37% of our associations. Mediation by physical activity was not observed. Greenspace exposure may be beneficial for fetal growth.application/pdfeng© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102912Fetal developmentGreenness exposureNatural environmentsPregnancyUltrasound measurementsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess