Ambient air pollution in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody response, and COVID-19 disease: a Cohort study in Catalonia, Spain (COVICAT Study)

Kogevinas, Manolis; Castaño Vinyals, Gemma; Karachaliou, Marianna; Espinosa Díaz, Ana; García Aymerich, Judith; Jiménez, Alfons; Vidal, Marta; O’Callaghan-Gordo, Cristina; Cirach, Marta; Santano, Rebeca; Barrios, Diana; Puyol, Laura; Rubio, Rocío; Izquierdo, Luis; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.; Dadvand, Payam; Aguilar, Ruth; Moncunill, Gemma; Dobaño, Carlota; Tonne, Cathryn

Ambient air pollution in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody response, and COVID-19 disease: a Cohort study in Catalonia, Spain (COVICAT Study)

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dc.contributor.author Kogevinas, Manolis
dc.contributor.author Castaño Vinyals, Gemma
dc.contributor.author Karachaliou, Marianna
dc.contributor.author Espinosa Díaz, Ana
dc.contributor.author García Aymerich, Judith
dc.contributor.author Jiménez, Alfons
dc.contributor.author Vidal, Marta
dc.contributor.author O’Callaghan-Gordo, Cristina
dc.contributor.author Cirach, Marta
dc.contributor.author Santano, Rebeca
dc.contributor.author Barrios, Diana
dc.contributor.author Puyol, Laura
dc.contributor.author Rubio, Rocío
dc.contributor.author Izquierdo, Luis
dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
dc.contributor.author Dadvand, Payam
dc.contributor.author Aguilar, Ruth
dc.contributor.author Moncunill, Gemma
dc.contributor.author Dobaño, Carlota
dc.contributor.author Tonne, Cathryn
dc.date.accessioned 2022-07-22T06:32:12Z
dc.date.available 2022-07-22T06:32:12Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.description.abstract Background: emerging evidence links ambient air pollution with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, an association that is methodologically challenging to investigate. Objectives: we examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution with SARS-CoV-2 infection measured through antibody response, level of antibody response among those infected, and COVID-19 disease. Methods: we contacted 9,605 adult participants from a population-based cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020; most participants were between 40 and 65 years of age. We drew blood samples from 4,103 participants and measured immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against five viral target antigens to establish infection to the virus and levels of antibody response among those infected. We defined COVID-19 disease using self-reported hospital admission, prior positive diagnostic test, or more than three self-reported COVID-19 symptoms after contact with a COVID-19 case. We estimated prepandemic (2018-2019) exposure to fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5μ m ( PM 2.5 )], nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ), black carbon (BC), and ozone ( O3 ) at the residential address using hybrid land-use regression models. We calculated log-binomial risk ratios (RRs), adjusting for individual- and area-level covariates. Results: among those tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 743 (18.1%) were seropositive. Air pollution levels were not statistically significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Adjusted RRs per interquartile range were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.18) for NO 2, 1.04 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.14) for PM 2.5 , 1.00 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.09) for BC, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.06) for O3. Among infected participants, exposure to NO2 and PM 2.5 were positively associated with IgG levels for all viral target antigens. Among all participants, 481 (5.0%) had COVID-19 disease. Air pollution levels were associated with COVID-19 disease: adjusted RRs = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.29) for NO2 and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.32) for PM 2.5. Exposure to O3 was associated with a slightly decreased risk (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.03). Associations of air pollution with COVID-19 disease were more pronounced for severe COVID-19, with RRs = 1.26 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.79) for NO 2 and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.16) for PM 2.5. Discussion: exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 disease and level of antibody response among infected but not with SARS-CoV-2 infection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9726.
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation Kogevinas M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Karachaliou M, Espinosa A, de Cid R, Garcia-Aymerich J, et al. Ambient air pollution in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody response, and COVID-19 disease: a Cohort study in Catalonia, Spain (COVICAT Study). Environ Health Perspect. 2021 Nov; 129(11): 117003. DOI: 10.1289/EHP9726
dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP9726
dc.identifier.issn 0091-6765
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53785
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
dc.rights Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives
dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.other Aire--Contaminació
dc.subject.other COVID-19 (Malaltia) -- Catalunya
dc.subject.other Immunoglobulines
dc.title Ambient air pollution in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody response, and COVID-19 disease: a Cohort study in Catalonia, Spain (COVICAT Study)
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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