The dawn of human matrilineal diversity

Behar, Doron M.; Villems, Richard; Soodyall, Himla; Blue-Smith, Jason; Pereira, Luisa; Metspalu, Ene; Scozzari, Rosaria; Makkan, Heeran; Tzur, Shay; Comas, David, 1969-; Bertranpetit, Jaume, 1952-; Quintana Murci, Lluis; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Wells, R. Spencer; Rosset, Saharon; Genographic Consortium

The dawn of human matrilineal diversity

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dc.contributor.author Behar, Doron M.
dc.contributor.author Villems, Richard
dc.contributor.author Soodyall, Himla
dc.contributor.author Blue-Smith, Jason
dc.contributor.author Pereira, Luisa
dc.contributor.author Metspalu, Ene
dc.contributor.author Scozzari, Rosaria
dc.contributor.author Makkan, Heeran
dc.contributor.author Tzur, Shay
dc.contributor.author Comas, David, 1969-
dc.contributor.author Bertranpetit, Jaume, 1952-
dc.contributor.author Quintana Murci, Lluis
dc.contributor.author Tyler-Smith, Chris
dc.contributor.author Wells, R. Spencer
dc.contributor.author Rosset, Saharon
dc.contributor.author Genographic Consortium
dc.date.accessioned 2019-03-22T08:06:44Z
dc.date.available 2019-03-22T08:06:44Z
dc.date.issued 2008
dc.description.abstract The quest to explain demographic history during the early part of human evolution has been limited because of the scarce paleoanthropological record from the Middle Stone Age. To shed light on the structure of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeny at the dawn of Homo sapiens, we constructed a matrilineal tree composed of 624 complete mtDNA genomes from sub-Saharan Hg L lineages. We paid particular attention to the Khoi and San (Khoisan) people of South Africa because they are considered to be a unique relic of hunter-gatherer lifestyle and to carry paternal and maternal lineages belonging to the deepest clades known among modern humans. Both the tree phylogeny and coalescence calculations suggest that Khoisan matrilineal ancestry diverged from the rest of the human mtDNA pool 90,000-150,000 years before present (ybp) and that at least five additional, currently extant maternal lineages existed during this period in parallel. Furthermore, we estimate that a minimum of 40 other evolutionarily successful lineages flourished in sub-Saharan Africa during the period of modern human dispersal out of Africa approximately 60,000-70,000 ybp. Only much later, at the beginning of the Late Stone Age, about 40,000 ybp, did introgression of additional lineages occur into the Khoisan mtDNA pool. This process was further accelerated during the recent Bantu expansions. Our results suggest that the early settlement of humans in Africa was already matrilineally structured and involved small, separately evolving isolated populations.
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation Behar DM, Villems R, Soodyall H, Blue-Smith J, Pereira L, Metspalu E et al. The dawn of human matrilineal diversity. Am J Hum Genet. 2008;82(5):1130-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.002
dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.002
dc.identifier.issn 0002-9297
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/36887
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher University of Chicago Press
dc.relation.ispartof American Journal of Human Genetics. 2008;82(5):1130-40
dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
dc.title The dawn of human matrilineal diversity
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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