Los factores de riesgo psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo y su relación con los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en los profesionales de enfermería de hospital : estudio CUPID
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Document Version
Author
Director
Serra, Consol
Benavides, Fernando G. (Fernando García)
Benavides, Fernando G. (Fernando García)
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Other authors
Publication Date
Pages
208 p.
Embargo date
Citation
Bernal Espinosa, D. Los factores de riesgo psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo y su relación con los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en los profesionales de enfermería de hospital : estudio CUPID. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; 2016. handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403585
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Doctoral program
Programa de doctorat en Biomedicina
Abstract
Antecedentes: Existe evidencia científica creciente de que actualmente el entorno psicosocial del trabajo supone un riesgo para la salud para el personal de enfermería superior que para otras muchas profesiones. Dado que las enfermeras constituyen el grupo más grande de la fuerza laboral del sector de la salud y tienen un papel crucial en la prestación de servicios de atención a los pacientes, el deterioro de su salud podría tener un efecto adverso en la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria. Objetivos: Los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral son: a) investigar y estimar la asociación de los factores de riesgo psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo y los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en las enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería que trabajan en áreas de hospital, en los estudios publicados entre 2001 y 2014; b) analizar el rol de los factores psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo en la prevalencia, incidencia y persistencia del dolor de espalda y cervical en el último mes, y su asociación con la incapacidad de realizar las tareas diarias en una muestra de profesionales de enfermería de España, Costa Rica y Nicaragua ; y comparar estos resultados por país. Métodos: Para el primer objetivo se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura y metaanálisis de estudios observacionales, que estuvieran disponibles en MEDLINE (Pubmed), Psychinfo, Web of Science, Tripdatabase, Cochrane Central Controlled Trials, NIOSHTIC and Joanna Briggs Institute of Systematic Reviews on Nursing and Midwifery, entre enero de 2001 y marzo de 2014. Los posibles estudios fueron seleccionados mediante la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión aplicados al título, resumen y texto completo. Se evaluó la calidad de los estudios. Los veintiséis estudios seleccionados fueron analizados cualitativa y cuantitativamente. Para el segundo objetivo, se utilizó una muestra de 1227 profesionales de enfermería que fueron entrevistadas al inicio del estudio sobre sus características socio-demográficas y estilos de vida, condiciones de trabajo, factores de riesgo psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo basado en el modelo de demanda-control-apoyo y la presencia de dolor musculoesquelético en el último mes y en el último año en espalda y cervical. El dolor fue clasificado como discapacitante si se reportaban una o más actividades cotidianas difíciles o imposibles de realizar. A los 12 meses de seguimiento, se volvió a entrevistar a los participantes sobre la presencia de dolor en el último mes y la discapacidad asociada. Aquellas enfermeras sin dolor y con dolor fueron incluidas en los análisis para el dolor incidente, persistente y la incapacidad relacionada para realizar las actividades cotidianas. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión log-binomial para explorar las asociaciones. Resultados: En la muestra analizada más de dos tercios de las enfermeras experimentaron dolor en la espalda y cervical en el último año. Los análisis reflejan una alta prevalencia de dolor cervical [91,7%, 89,4% y 61,1%] en las enfermeras de Costa Rica, España y Nicaragua, respectivamente. El estudio arrojó que las variables bajo apoyo social de los compañeros o supervisores [OR 4,54; IC 95% 1,81-8,67], se asocia con la aparición de un nuevo dolor cervical incapacitante en las enfermeras españolas, al igual que la inseguridad laboral para la persistencia de dolor en la espalda baja [OR 3,11; 95% CI 1,09 a 8,86]. La insatisfacción laboral se asoció con la incidencia de dolor de espalda y cervical [OR 3,00; 95% CI 1,03 a 8,71; OR 2,37; IC 95% 1,01-5,58] en las enfermeras de Costa Rica que no tenían dolor al inicio del estudio y las altas demandas se asoció con un nuevo dolor de espalda en enfermeras de Nicaragua [OR 3,45; 95% CI 1.16 a 10.27]. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados apoyan la posible influencia de los factores de riesgos psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo en la incidencia y persistencia de dolor en espalda y cervical en los profesionales de enfermería, indistintamente de los ambientes culturales. Estos resultados contrastan con las evidencias científicas publicada.
Background: There is growing evidence that global results of the work environment today in an increased risk of adverse health among nurses than among other professions. Since nurses are the largest group of health workforce and play a crucial role in providing care, their deteriorating health could have an adverse effect on the quality of healthcare. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis were: a) investigate and estimate the association of psychosocial risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses and nursing assistants who work in hospital areas, in studies published between 2001 and 2014; b) analyze the role of psychosocial factors related to work on the prevalence, incidence and persistence of neck and back pain in the last month and its association with the inability to perform daily tasks in a sample of nurses from Spain, Costa Rica and Nicaragua; and compare these results by country . Methods: For the first objective a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Psychinfo, Web of Science, Tripdatabase, Cochrane Central Controlled Trials, NIOSHTIC and Joanna Briggs Institute of Systematic Reviews on Nursing was held and Midwifery, from January 2001 to March 2014. the studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to the title, abstract and full text. The quality of the studies was also evaluated. The twenty-six selected studies were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. For the second objective, a sample of 1227 nurses and aides who were interviewed at baseline about their socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle, current working conditions, psychosocial factors risk related to work on the model of demand-control was used -support and the presence of musculoskeletal pain in the last month and last year on the back and neck. The pain was classified as disabling if one or more daily activities difficult or impossible were reported. At 12 months follow-up, he turned to interview participants about the presence of pain in the last month and associated disability. Those nurses without pain and pain were included in the analysis for the incident, persistent pain and inability to perform daily activities related. Models of log-binomial regression was used to explore the associations. Results: In the sample analyzed more than two thirds of nurses experienced back pain and neck in the past year. The analyzes show a high prevalence of neck pain [91.7%, 89.4% and 61.1%] nurses in Costa Rica, Spain and Nicaragua, respectively. The study found that low social support variables colleagues or supervisors [OR 4.54; 95% CI 1.81 to 8.67], it is associated with the emergence of a new disabling neck pain in the Spanish nurses, as job insecurity for persistent low back pain [OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.09 to 8.86]. Job dissatisfaction was associated with a new back and neck pain [OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.03 to 8.71; OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.01 to 5.58] in Costa Rica nurses who had pain at baseline and high demands associated with new back pain in nurses Nicaragua [OR 3.45; 95% CI 1.16 to 10.27]. Conclusion: Our results support the possible influence of psychosocial risk factors related to work on the incidence and persistence of back and neck pain in nurses, regardless of cultural environments. These results contrast with published scientific evidence.
Background: There is growing evidence that global results of the work environment today in an increased risk of adverse health among nurses than among other professions. Since nurses are the largest group of health workforce and play a crucial role in providing care, their deteriorating health could have an adverse effect on the quality of healthcare. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis were: a) investigate and estimate the association of psychosocial risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses and nursing assistants who work in hospital areas, in studies published between 2001 and 2014; b) analyze the role of psychosocial factors related to work on the prevalence, incidence and persistence of neck and back pain in the last month and its association with the inability to perform daily tasks in a sample of nurses from Spain, Costa Rica and Nicaragua; and compare these results by country . Methods: For the first objective a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Psychinfo, Web of Science, Tripdatabase, Cochrane Central Controlled Trials, NIOSHTIC and Joanna Briggs Institute of Systematic Reviews on Nursing was held and Midwifery, from January 2001 to March 2014. the studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to the title, abstract and full text. The quality of the studies was also evaluated. The twenty-six selected studies were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. For the second objective, a sample of 1227 nurses and aides who were interviewed at baseline about their socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle, current working conditions, psychosocial factors risk related to work on the model of demand-control was used -support and the presence of musculoskeletal pain in the last month and last year on the back and neck. The pain was classified as disabling if one or more daily activities difficult or impossible were reported. At 12 months follow-up, he turned to interview participants about the presence of pain in the last month and associated disability. Those nurses without pain and pain were included in the analysis for the incident, persistent pain and inability to perform daily activities related. Models of log-binomial regression was used to explore the associations. Results: In the sample analyzed more than two thirds of nurses experienced back pain and neck in the past year. The analyzes show a high prevalence of neck pain [91.7%, 89.4% and 61.1%] nurses in Costa Rica, Spain and Nicaragua, respectively. The study found that low social support variables colleagues or supervisors [OR 4.54; 95% CI 1.81 to 8.67], it is associated with the emergence of a new disabling neck pain in the Spanish nurses, as job insecurity for persistent low back pain [OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.09 to 8.86]. Job dissatisfaction was associated with a new back and neck pain [OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.03 to 8.71; OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.01 to 5.58] in Costa Rica nurses who had pain at baseline and high demands associated with new back pain in nurses Nicaragua [OR 3.45; 95% CI 1.16 to 10.27]. Conclusion: Our results support the possible influence of psychosocial risk factors related to work on the incidence and persistence of back and neck pain in nurses, regardless of cultural environments. These results contrast with published scientific evidence.
Keywords
Enfermeras, Auxiliares de enfermería, Hospital, Riesgos psicosociales, Demanda, Control, Apoyo social, Trastorno musculoesquelético, Revision sistemàtica, Metaanálisis, Nurses, Psychosocial work factors, Musculoskeletal disorders, Back pain, Neck pain, Disabling pain
Subjects
614 - Public health and hygiene. Pollution. Accident prevention. Nursing
Publisher
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
