SOOPEN: design and assessment of a tailored systematic observation tool to evaluate outdoor play behavior among schoolchildren groups

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• dc.contributor.author López Toribio, María
• dc.contributor.author Hidalgo, Laura
• dc.contributor.author Litt, Jill
• dc.contributor.author Daher, Carolyn
• dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
• dc.contributor.author Márquez, Sandra
• dc.contributor.author Berrón, Albert
• dc.contributor.author Franch, Berta
• dc.contributor.author Garcia, Beatriz
• dc.contributor.author Ubalde López, Mònica, 1972-
• dc.date.accessioned 2025-02-25T07:31:05Z
• dc.date.available 2025-02-25T07:31:05Z
• dc.date.issued 2024
• dc.description Data de publicació electrònica: 26-12-2024
• dc.description.abstract Schoolyard environments and public urban spaces are fundamental to promote children’s socialization and physical activity levels. Existing observation tools evaluate children’s play behavior at the individual level. We developed the SOOPEN tool (System for Observing Outdoor Play Environments in Neighborhood Schools) to assess school-aged children’s play behavior using a group dynamics approach and estimated its inter-observer reliability. SOOPEN was based on two systematic observation tools and tested in 11 primary schools. Inter-observer reliability was assessed by calculating Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kendall’s correlation coefficient tau-b. SOOPEN consists of six variables: group size, sex, physical activity level, activity type, social interactions, and shade cover. Agreement between observers for the number of groups, sex, and shade was excellent (ICCs > 0.9). Inter-rater reliability for physical activity levels, social interactions, and activity types was moderate to high (ICCs > 0.6). Kendall’s tau b indicated a high concordance between observers for all variables (τb > 0.7, p values < 0.05). SOOPEN is a new and reliable tool to assess children’s play behavior at the group level. The tool showed a high inter-observer reliability. SOOPEN can be useful to assess behavior that is related to health and wellbeing in schoolyards and other urban settings.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work has been developed within the project Refugis Climàtics (Climate Shelters)-Project number GBG_AS2C co-financed with European funds FEDER in the frame of the 3rd Urban Innovation Action call. ISGlobal acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program [CEX2018-000806-S], and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation López-Toribio M, Hidalgo L, Litt JS, Daher C, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Márquez S, et al. SOOPEN: design and assessment of a tailored systematic observation tool to evaluate outdoor play behavior among schoolchildren groups. Cities & Health. 2024. DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2024.2439645
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2024.2439645
• dc.identifier.issn 2374-8834
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/69727
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Taylor & Francis
• dc.relation.ispartof Cities & Health. 2024
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/CEX2018-000806-S
• dc.rights © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword School play
• dc.subject.keyword Urban spaces
• dc.subject.keyword Schoolyard use
• dc.subject.keyword Social interaction
• dc.subject.keyword Physical activity
• dc.subject.keyword Urban resilience
• dc.title SOOPEN: design and assessment of a tailored systematic observation tool to evaluate outdoor play behavior among schoolchildren groups
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion