Death in the high mountains: evidence of interpersonal violence during Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age at Roc de les Orenetes (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)

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• dc.contributor.author Moreno-Ibáñez, Miguel Ángel
• dc.contributor.author Saladié, Palmira
• dc.contributor.author Ramírez-Pedraza, Iván
• dc.contributor.author Díez-Canseco, Celia
• dc.contributor.author Fernández-Marchena, Juan Luis
• dc.contributor.author Soriano, Eni
• dc.contributor.author Carbonell, Eudald
• dc.contributor.author Tornero, Carlos
• dc.date.accessioned 2024-11-07T12:49:04Z
• dc.date.available 2024-11-07T12:49:04Z
• dc.date.issued 2024
• dc.description.abstract Objectives: To test a hypothesis on interpersonal violence events during the transition between Chalcolithic and Bronze Age in the Eastern Pyrenees, to contextualize it in Western Europe during that period, and to assess if these marks can be differentiated from secondary funerary treatment. Materials and Methods: Metric and non-metric methods were used to estimate the age-at-death and sex of the skeletal remains. Perimortem injuries were observed and analyzed with stereomicroscopy and confocal microscopy. Results: Among the minimum of 51 individuals documented, at least six people showed evidence of perimortem trauma. All age groups and both sexes are represented in the skeletal sample, but those with violent injuries are predominantly males. Twenty-six bones had 49 injuries, 48 of which involved sharp force trauma on postcranial elements, and one example of blunt force trauma on a cranium. The wounds were mostly located on the upper extremities and ribs, anterior and posterior. Several antemortem lesions were also documented in the assemblage. Discussion: The perimortem lesions, together with direct dating, suggest that more than one episode of interpersonal violence took place between the Late Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age in northeastern Spain. The features of the sharp force trauma indicate that different weapons were used, including sharp metal objects and lithic projectiles. The Roc de les Orenetes assemblage represents a scenario of recurrent lethal confrontation in a high mountain geographic context, representing the evidence of inferred interpersonal violence located at the highest altitude settings in the Pyrenees, at 1836 meters above sea level.
• dc.description.sponsorship Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Grant/Award Numbers: 2021-SGR-01237, 2021-SGR-01239, CLT009/22/000042, 2022FI_B200071; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grant/Award Number: 2022PFR-URV-64; Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, Grant/Award Number: FPU18-02291; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: PID2021-122355NBC32; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Grant/Award Number: CEX2019-000945-M; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Grant/Award Number: RYC2020-029404-I; Fundación Atapuerca; Generalitat Valenciana-FSE, Grant/Award Number: CIAPOS/2022/022
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Moreno-Ibáñez MÁ, Saladié P, Ramírez-Pedraza I, Díez-Canseco C, Fernández-Marchena JL, Soriano E, et al. Death in the high mountains: evidence of interpersonal violence during Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age at Roc de les Orenetes (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain). Am J Biol Anthropol. 2024;184(1):e24909. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24909
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24909
• dc.identifier.issn 2692-7691
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68460
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Wiley
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021-122355N
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/RYC2020-029404-I
• dc.rights This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. © 2024 The Authors. American Journal of Biological Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
• dc.subject.other Edat del bronze
• dc.title Death in the high mountains: evidence of interpersonal violence during Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age at Roc de les Orenetes (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion