Longitudinal changes in resting-state network connectivity in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Abstract

Psychotic disorders present significant challenges in understanding their causes and developing effective interventions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a valuable tool for investigating these disorders and identifying potential biomarkers. This thesis aimed to explore functional connectivity patterns in restingstate networks (RSNs) among children and adolescent offspring of individuals with Schizophrenia (SzO), bipolar disorder (BpO), and controls. Resting-state fMRI data acquired at baseline and during a follow-up period were analyzed using statistical techniques to examine connectivity between and within RSNs associated with psychosis. The results revealed significant differences in RSN connectivity, particularly in the DMN and CEN. Abnormal functional interactions between the DMN and CEN were observed in the SzO group, indicating an aberrant dynamic between these networks. Age-related variations in connectivity patterns were also found, highlighting distinct associations between RSNs and brain maturation processes in the different groups. The study underscores the potential of fMRI as a tool for identifying objective biomarkers. Moreover, it highlights the significance of including variables that facilitate better extrapolation to the clinical reality of psychiatry. By addressing these considerations, future research can build upon these findings and further advance our understanding of psychotic disorders.