Patterns, predictors, and patient-reported reasons for antidepressant discontinuation in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Kazdin, Alan E.; Alonso Caballero, Jordi; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723002507

Patterns, predictors, and patient-reported reasons for antidepressant discontinuation in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

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Kazdin AE, Harris MG, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Stein DJ, Viana MC, et al. Patterns, predictors, and patient-reported reasons for antidepressant discontinuation in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2024 Jan;54(1):67-78. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291723002507

Abstract

Background: Despite their documented efficacy, substantial proportions of patients discontinue antidepressant medication (ADM) without a doctor's recommendation. The current report integrates data on patient-reported reasons into an investigation of patterns and predictors of ADM discontinuation. Methods: Face-to-face interviews with community samples from 13 countries (n = 30 697) in the World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys included n = 1890 respondents who used ADMs within the past 12 months. Results: 10.9% of 12-month ADM users reported discontinuation-based on recommendation of the prescriber while 15.7% discontinued in the absence of prescriber recommendation. The main patient-reported reason for discontinuation was feeling better (46.6%), which was reported by a higher proportion of patients who discontinued within the first 2 weeks of treatment than later. Perceived ineffectiveness (18.5%), predisposing factors (e.g. fear of dependence) (20.0%), and enabling factors (e.g. inability to afford treatment cost) (5.0%) were much less commonly reported reasons. Discontinuation in the absence of prescriber recommendation was associated with low country income level, being employed, and having above average personal income. Age, prior history of psychotropic medication use, and being prescribed treatment from a psychiatrist rather than from a general medical practitioner, in comparison, were associated with a lower probability of this type of discontinuation. However, these predictors varied substantially depending on patient-reported reasons for discontinuation. Conclusion: Dropping out early is not necessarily negative with almost half of individuals noting they felt better. The study underscores the diverse reasons given for dropping out and the need to evaluate how and whether dropping out influences short- or long-term functioning.