Vaccine effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against COVID-19 in a socially vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a test-negative design study

Ranzani, Otavio; Silva, Amanda A. B.; Peres, Igor T.; Antunes, Bianca B. P.; Gonzaga-da-Silva, Thiago W.; Soranz, Daniel R.; Cerbino-Neto, José; Hamacher, Silvio; Bozza, Fernando A.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.032

Vaccine effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against COVID-19 in a socially vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a test-negative design study

License

Citation

Ranzani OT, Silva AAB, Peres IT, Antunes BBP, Gonzaga-da-Silva TW, Soranz DR, Cerbino-Neto J, Hamacher S, Bozza FA. Vaccine effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against COVID-19 in a socially vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a test-negative design study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Feb 9;28(5):736.e1-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.032

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate vaccine effectiveness after the first and second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against symptomatic COVID-19 and infection in a socially vulnerable community in Brazil when Gamma and Delta were the predominant variants circulating. Methods: We conducted a test-negative study in the community Complexo da Maré, the largest group of slums (n = 16) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January 17, 2021 to November 27, 2021. We selected RT-qPCR positive and negative tests from a broad community testing program. The primary outcome was symptomatic COVID-19 (positive RT-qPCR test with at least one symptom) and the secondary outcome was infection (any positive RT-qPCR test). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 1 - OR, which was obtained from adjusted logistic regression models. Results: We included 10 077 RT-qPCR tests (6,394, 64% from symptomatic and 3,683, 36% from asymptomatic individuals). The mean age was 40 (SD: 14) years, and the median time between vaccination and RT-qPCR testing among vaccinated was 41 (25-75 percentile: 21-62) days for the first dose and 36 (25-75 percentile: 17-59) days for the second dose. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was 31.6% (95% CI, 12.0-46.8) 21 days after the first dose and 65.1% (95% CI, 40.9-79.4) 14 days after the second dose. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection was 31.0% (95% CI, 12.7-45.5) 21 days after the first dose and 59.0% (95% CI, 33.1-74.8) 14 days after the second dose. Discussion: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was effective in reducing symptomatic COVID-19 in a socially vulnerable community in Brazil when Gamma and Delta were the predominant variants circulating.