Immuno-modulatory effects of intervertebral disc cells
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- dc.contributor.author Bermúdez-Lekerika, Paola
- dc.contributor.author Crump, Katherine B.
- dc.contributor.author Tseranidou, Sofia
- dc.contributor.author Nüesch, Andrea
- dc.contributor.author Kanelis, Exarchos
- dc.contributor.author Alminnawi, Ahmad
- dc.contributor.author Baumgartner, Laura
- dc.contributor.author Muñoz-Moya, Estefano
- dc.contributor.author Compte, Roger
- dc.contributor.author Gualdi, Francesco
- dc.contributor.author Alexopoulos, Leonidas G.
- dc.contributor.author Geris, Liesbet
- dc.contributor.author Wuertz-Kozak, Karin
- dc.contributor.author Le Maitre, Christine L.
- dc.contributor.author Noailly, Jérôme
- dc.contributor.author Gantenbein, Benjamin
- dc.date.accessioned 2023-02-09T08:05:13Z
- dc.date.available 2023-02-09T08:05:13Z
- dc.date.issued 2022
- dc.description.abstract Low back pain is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly medical condition predominantly triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is often caused by structural and biochemical changes in intervertebral discs (IVD) that prompt a pathologic shift from an anabolic to catabolic state, affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) production, enzyme generation, cytokine and chemokine production, neurotrophic and angiogenic factor production. The IVD is an immune-privileged organ. However, during degeneration immune cells and inflammatory factors can infiltrate through defects in the cartilage endplate and annulus fibrosus fissures, further accelerating the catabolic environment. Remarkably, though, catabolic ECM disruption also occurs in the absence of immune cell infiltration, largely due to native disc cell production of catabolic enzymes and cytokines. An unbalanced metabolism could be induced by many different factors, including a harsh microenvironment, biomechanical cues, genetics, and infection. The complex, multifactorial nature of IDD brings the challenge of identifying key factors which initiate the degenerative cascade, eventually leading to back pain. These factors are often investigated through methods including animal models, 3D cell culture, bioreactors, and computational models. However, the crosstalk between the IVD, immune system, and shifted metabolism is frequently misconstrued, often with the assumption that the presence of cytokines and chemokines is synonymous to inflammation or an immune response, which is not true for the intact disc. Therefore, this review will tackle immunomodulatory and IVD cell roles in IDD, clarifying the differences between cellular involvements and implications for therapeutic development and assessing models used to explore inflammatory or catabolic IVD environments.
- dc.description.sponsorship Financial support was received from the Marie Skłodowska Curie International Training Network (ITN) “disc4all” (https://disc4all.upf.edu, accessed on 10 May 2022) grant agreement #955735 (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/955735, accessed on 10 May 2022).
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Bermudez-Lekerika P, Crump KB, Tseranidou S, Nüesch A, Kanelis E, Alminnawi A, et al. Immuno-modulatory effects of intervertebral disc cells. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jun 29; 10: 924692. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.924692
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.924692
- dc.identifier.issn 2296-634X
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55678
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Frontiers
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/ H2020/955735
- dc.rights Copyright © 2022 Bermudez-Lekerika, Crump, Tseranidou, Nüesch, Kanelis, Alminnawi, Baumgartner, Muñoz-Moya, Compte, Gualdi, Alexopoulos, Geris, Wuertz-Kozak, Le Maitre, Noailly and Gantenbein. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword GWAS
- dc.subject.keyword Agent-based model (ABM)
- dc.subject.keyword Artificial intelligence–AI
- dc.subject.keyword Catabolism
- dc.subject.keyword Immune-privileged microenvironment
- dc.subject.keyword Inflammation
- dc.subject.keyword Intervertebral disc degeneration
- dc.subject.keyword Low back pain
- dc.title Immuno-modulatory effects of intervertebral disc cells
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion