Whole-genome sequencing of the opportunistic yeast pathogen candida inconspicua uncovers its hybrid origin

Mixão, Verónica; Perez Hansen, Antonio; Saus Martínez, Ester; Boekhout, Teun; Lass-Florl, Cornelia; Gabaldón Estevan, Juan Antonio, 1973-

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00383

Whole-genome sequencing of the opportunistic yeast pathogen candida inconspicua uncovers its hybrid origin

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Mixão V, Hansen AP, Saus E, Boekhout T, Lass-Florl C, Gabaldón T. Whole-genome sequencing of the opportunistic yeast pathogen candida inconspicua uncovers its hybrid origin. Front Genet. 2019 Apr 25;10:383. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00383

Abstract

Fungal infections such as those caused by Candida species are increasingly common complications in immunocompromised patients. The list of causative agents of candidiasis is growing and comprises a set of emerging species whose relative global incidence is rare but recurrent. This is the case of Candida inconspicua, which prevalence has increased 10-fold over the last years. To gain novel insights into the emergence of this opportunistic pathogen and its genetic diversity, we performed whole genome sequencing of the type strain (CBS180), and of 10 other clinical isolates. Our results revealed high levels of genetic heterozygosity structured in non-homogeneous patterns, which are indicative of a hybrid genome shaped by events of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). All analyzed strains were hybrids and could be clustered into two distinct clades. We found large variability across strains in terms of ploidy, patterns of LOH, and mitochondrial genome heterogeneity that suggest potential admixture between hybrids. Altogether, our results identify a new hybrid species with virulence potential toward humans and underscore the potential role of hybridization in the emergence of novel pathogenic lineages.