Adaptation and validation of the PEDSQL™ Oral Health Scale for toddlers in chilean population

Atala-Acevedo, Claudia; Zaror, Carlos; Espinoza-Espinoza, Gerardo; Muñoz-Millán, Patricia; Muñoz, Sergio; Martínez-Zapata, María José; Ferrer Forés, Maria Montserrat

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0984-1

Adaptation and validation of the PEDSQL™ Oral Health Scale for toddlers in chilean population

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Atala-Acevedo C, Zaror C, Espinoza-Espinoza G, Muñoz-Millán P, Muñoz S, Martínez-Zapata MJ, et al. Adaptation and validation of the PEDSQL™ oral health scale for toddlers in Chilean population. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Jan 6; 20 (1):6. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0984-1

Abstract

Background: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Oral Health Scale was developed to measure oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the parent-reported version for toddlers of PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale into Spanish and to assess the acceptability, reliability and validity of this version in Chilean preschool population. Methods: The PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale for toddlers was cross-culturally adapted for the Spanish language using the recommended standards. To assess metric properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 301 children aged 2 to 5 years in Carahue, Chile. Chilean versions of the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale, PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales, and Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) were completed by the children's parents. Dental caries, malocclusion and dental trauma were examined by trained dentists. The PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale was administrated a second time 14-21 days after. The reliability of the scale was verified by analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and reproducibility (Intraclass correlation coefficient - ICC). The validity of the construct was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis and known groups method. The convergent validity was assessed by calculating the Spearman's correlation with the ECOHIS questionnaire. Results: The PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale demonstrated good reliability, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.79 and ICC of 0.85. A moderate-to-strong correlation was found between the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale and the ECOHIS questionnaire (- 0.64); the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale score was lower in children with poor than those with excellent/very good oral health (median 100 vs 85, p < 0.001); it also was lower in children with caries than in those caries-free (median 100 vs 90, p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found among groups according to malocclusion and traumatic dental injuries. Conclusions: The PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale for toddlers in Spanish showed to be equivalent to the original version, and its psychometric properties were satisfactory for application in a Chilean pre-school population.