Unveiling the drivers: a multidimensional analysis of the determinants shaping the European Union’s global gateway initiative

Abstract

Little is known about the emergence of the EU Global Gateway Initiative. Some argue that it is a geo-political challenge to China’s Belt and Road Initiative, while others claim that it satisfies an existing demand for infrastructure funding. This dissertation uncovers the relevant determinants in the emergence of Global Gateway. Using global governance as a theoretical framework and a case study research design, it argues that the EU economy, the global demand for infrastructure funding, and the geo-political challenge from China are the main determinants in the emergence of Global Gateway. It also discards the role of less-considered determinants, such as the leadership of Ursula von der Leyen, in the emergence of the Initiative. In doing so, this dissertation confirms a number of hypotheses established through the literature review and chosen theoretical framework, which offer broader insights into the emergence of Global Initiatives. It also opens avenues for future research, while staying conscious of potential limitations.