The Superblock model: a review of an innovative urban model for sustainability, liveability, health and well-being

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• dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
• dc.contributor.author Cirach, Marta
• dc.contributor.author Daher, Carolyn
• dc.contributor.author Iungman, Tamara
• dc.contributor.author Khomenko, Sasha
• dc.contributor.author Pereira Barboza, Evelise
• dc.contributor.author Tonne, Cathryn
• dc.contributor.author Mueller, Natalie, 1988-
• dc.date.accessioned 2024-03-25T06:59:05Z
• dc.date.available 2024-03-25T06:59:05Z
• dc.date.issued 2024
• dc.description.abstract Introduction. Current urban and transport planning practices have significant negative health, environmental, social and economic impacts in most cities. New urban development models and policies are needed to reduce these negative impacts. The Superblock model is one such innovative urban model that can significantly reduce these negative impacts through reshaping public spaces into more diverse uses such as increase in green space, infrastructure supporting social contacts and physical activity, and through prioritization of active mobility and public transport, thereby reducing air pollution, noise and urban heat island effects. This paper reviews key aspects of the Superblock model, its implementation and initial evaluations in Barcelona and the potential international uptake of the model in Europe and globally, focusing on environmental, climate, lifestyle, liveability and health aspects. Methods. We used a narrative meta-review approach and PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched using specific terms. Results. The implementation of the Super block model in Barcelona is slow, but with initial improvement in, for example, environmental, lifestyle, liveability and health indicators, although not so consistently. When applied on a large scale, the implementation of the Superblock model is not only likely to result in better environmental conditions, health and wellbeing, but can also contribute to the fight against the climate crisis. There is a need for further expansion of the program and further evaluation of its impacts and answers to related concerns, such as environmental equity and gentrification, traffic and related environmental exposure displacement. The implementation of the Superblock model gained a growing international reputation and variations of it are being planned or implemented in cities worldwide. Initial modelling exercises showed that it could be implemented in large parts of many cities. Conclusion. The Superblock model is an innovative urban model that addresses environmental, climate, liveability and health concerns in cities. Adapted versions of the Barcelona Superblock model are being implemented in cities around Europe and further implementation, monitoring and evaluation are encouraged. The Superblock model can be considered an important public health intervention that will reduce mortality and morbidity and generate cost savings for health and other sectors.
• dc.description.sponsorship We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program”. The SUPERBE project (“Potenziale von Superblock-Konzepten als Beitrag zur Planung energieeffizienter Stadtquartiere”) has received funding from the Austrian research funding programme “Stadt der Zukunft”. “Stadt der Zukunft” is a Funding Programme of the Republic of Austria, Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology. The Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) has been authorised for the Programme Management. The TuneOurBlock project (“Transforming urban quarters to human scale environments: applying superblock concepts for different urban structures”) has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 875022. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (H6-8290) under agreement no. 1000-23-0618 and research core/project funding Geography of Slovenia (P6-0101). Strategic research and innovation program for the development of Medical University – Plovdiv” № BG-RRP-2.004-0007-C01, Establishment of a network of research higher schools, National plan for recovery and resilience, financed by the European Union – NextGenerationEU. Angel M. Dzhambov's and Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen's time on this publication is partially supported by the “Strategic research and innovation program for the development of Medical University – Plovdiv” № BG-RRP-2.004-0007-C01, Establishment of a network of research higher schools, National plan for recovery and resilience, financed by the European Union – NextGenerationEU". This project has received funding from the European Union's, Horizon Europe Framework Programme (HORIZON) under GA No 101094639 - THE URBAN BURDEN OF DISEASE ESTIMATION FOR POLICY MAKING (UBDPolicy).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Nieuwenhuijsen M, de Nazelle A, Pradas MC, Daher C, Dzhambov AM, Echave C, et al. The Superblock model: a review of an innovative urban model for sustainability, liveability, health and well-being. Environmental Research. 2024 Jun;251:118550. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118550
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118550
• dc.identifier.issn 0013-9351
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59546
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environmental Research. 2024 Jun;251:118550
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/875022
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/CEX2018-000806-S
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101094639
• dc.rights © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Urban planning
• dc.subject.keyword Transport
• dc.subject.keyword Superblocks
• dc.subject.keyword Air pollution
• dc.subject.keyword Green space
• dc.subject.keyword Urban heat islands
• dc.subject.keyword Health
• dc.subject.keyword Well-being
• dc.title The Superblock model: a review of an innovative urban model for sustainability, liveability, health and well-being
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion