Risk of child poverty and social exclusion in two Spanish regions: social and family determinants

González-Safont, Llúcia; Estarlich, Marisa; Murcia, Mario; Larrañaga, Isabel; Barreto, Florencia B.; Santa Marina, Loreto; Arranz, Enrique; Cirugeda, Lourdes; Simó, Sandra; Rebagliato, Marisa

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.11.002

Risk of child poverty and social exclusion in two Spanish regions: social and family determinants

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González L, Estarlich M, Murcia M, Larrañaga I, Barreto FB, Santa-Marina L, Arranz E, Cirugeda L, Simó S, Rebagliato M. Risk of child poverty and social exclusion in two Spanish regions: social and family determinants. Gac Sanit. 2020 Jan 21;35(3):216-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.11.002

Abstract

Objective: Describe the risk of poverty and social exclusion in children aged 8-11 years from Gipuzkoa and Valencia (Spain), through AROPE (At Risk Of Poverty or Social Exclusion) indicators, and evaluate their associated factors in the INMA Project (Childhood and Environment). Method: Families in Gipuzkoa and Valencia (394 and 382, respectively) completed a questionnaire in 2015-2016. Low work intensity (LWI), at risk of poverty (RP) and material deprivation (MD) were estimated. AROPE consisted in meeting any of the previous sub-indicators. Socio-demographic, family and parental characteristics were considered. Frequencies, Venn's diagrams, and chi-square and Fisher tests were used in bivariate analysis and logistic regression in multivariate analysis. Results: For LWI, RP, MD and AROPE, prevalence of 2.5%, 5.6%, 2.3% and 7.2% were obtained in Gipuzkoa, and 8.1%, 31.5%, 7.8% and 34.7% in Valencia, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the AROPE was associated in both areas with maternal social class and non-nuclear families. In Gipuzkoa, it was also related to maternal education. In Valencia, other factors were the mother's foreign origin, and paternal education and smoking. Conclusion: There is higher AROPE prevalence in Valencia. Social class and family type were shared factors, but a differential pattern is observed in other social determinants. It is essential to implement social policies to reduce this axis of inequalities in health, especially in childhood.