ACL anatomy: Is there still something to learn?
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- dc.contributor.author Morales Avalos, Rodolfo
- dc.contributor.author Torres González, Emilio
- dc.contributor.author Padilla-Medina, José Ramón
- dc.contributor.author Monllau García, Juan Carlos
- dc.date.accessioned 2024-05-23T07:14:03Z
- dc.date.available 2024-05-23T07:14:03Z
- dc.date.issued 2024
- dc.description Article disponible en castellà: http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60228
- dc.description.abstract Background: The different bony and soft tissue reference points and the micro and macroscopic structures of the knee continue to be the object of focused study and analysis. Upon reviewing the most recent literature, we saw the wide spectrum of studies that seek to define the different anatomical aspects of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent publications on the ACL and its morphology in which its microscopic composition and macroscopic anatomy are addressed. Results: The ACL consists of type I (90%) and type III (10%) collagen matrix. Its length ranges from 27 to 38mm and its width from 10 to 12mm. The ACL cross-section area measures an average of 44mm2, and its shape resembles that of an hourglass or a bow tie. ACL bundles have been defined as anteromedial, intermediate, and posterolateral. Femoral and tibial footprints were seen to present a high degree of variability in shape and size. Furthermore, the blood supply is given by the medial genicular artery and innervation by the tibial nerve branches. Additionally, the ACL functionally prevents anterior translation of the tibia and stabilizes against the internal rotation of the tibia and valgus angulation of the knee. Conclusions: There is great variability in the anatomy of the ACL as well as its attachment sites. At the same time, the shape and size of its footprint has become a factor in determining individualized ACL reconstruction. The persistence of morphological variability in the aging of the ACL and important aspects of surgical planning and decision making with respect to anatomical risk factors suggest that further studies are called for.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Morales-Avalos R, Torres-González EM, Padilla-Medina JR, Monllau JC. ACL anatomy: Is there still something to learn? Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2024;68(4):422-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.02.005
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2023.02.005
- dc.identifier.issn 1888-4415
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60227
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2024;68(4):422-7
- dc.rights © 2023 SECOT. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword ACL
- dc.subject.keyword Anatomy
- dc.subject.keyword Morphology
- dc.subject.keyword Bundles
- dc.subject.keyword Footprint
- dc.title ACL anatomy: Is there still something to learn?
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion