Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: a systematic review

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• dc.contributor.author van der Meer, Pim B.
• dc.contributor.author Fuentes Valenzuela, Juan José
• dc.contributor.author Kaptein, Ad A.
• dc.contributor.author Schoones, Jan W.
• dc.contributor.author De Waal, Marleen M.
• dc.contributor.author Goudriaan, Anneke E.
• dc.contributor.author Kramers, Kees
• dc.contributor.author Schellekens, Arnt
• dc.contributor.author Somers, Metten
• dc.contributor.author Bossong, Matthijs G.
• dc.contributor.author Batalla, Albert
• dc.date.accessioned 2024-04-24T06:42:28Z
• dc.date.available 2024-04-24T06:42:28Z
• dc.date.issued 2023
• dc.description.abstract Background: Psychedelic-assisted therapy [e.g., with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)] has shown promising results as treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Previous systematic reviews assessing the efficacy of psilocybin in SUDs only included clinical trials conducted in the last 25 years, but they may have missed clinical trials assessing the efficacy of psilocybin that were conducted before the 1980s, given much research has been done with psychedelics in the mid-20th century. In this systematic review, we specifically assessed the efficacy of psilocybin in patients with a SUD or non-substance-related disorder with no publication date restrictions in our search strategy. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines from the earliest published manuscript up to September 2, 2022, in seven electronic databases, including clinical trials in patients with a SUD or non-substance-related disorder evaluating the efficacy of psilocybin. Results: A total of four studies (six articles, of which two articles were long-term follow-up results from the same trial) were included in this systematic review. Psilocybin-assisted therapy was administered to n = 151 patients in a dose ranging from 6 to 40 mg. Three studies focused on alcohol use disorder, and one study on tobacco use disorder. In a pilot study (n = 10), the percentage of heavy drinking days decreased significantly between baseline and weeks 5–12 (mean difference of 26.0, 95% CI = 8.7–43.2, p = 0.008). In another single-arm study (n = 31), 32% (10/31) became completely abstinent from alcohol (mean duration of follow-up 6 years). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial (RCT, n = 95), the percentage of heavy drinking days during the 32-week double-blind period was significantly lower for psilocybin compared to placebo (mean difference of 13.9, 95% CI = 3.0–24.7, p = 0.01). In a pilot study (n = 15), the 7-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence at 26 weeks was 80% (12/15), and at 52 weeks 67% (10/15). Conclusion: Only one RCT and three small clinical trials were identified assessing the efficacy of psilocybin combined with some form of psychotherapy in patients with alcohol and tobacco use disorder. All four clinical trials indicated a beneficial effect of psilocybin-assisted therapy on SUD symptoms. Larger RCTs in patients with SUDs need to evaluate whether psilocybin-assisted therapy is effective in patients with SUD.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation van der Meer PB, Fuentes JJ, Kaptein AA, Schoones JW, de Waal MM, Goudriaan AE, et al. Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 9;14:1134454. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134454
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134454
• dc.identifier.issn 1664-0640
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59878
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Frontiers
• dc.relation.ispartof Front Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 9;14:1134454
• dc.rights © 2023 van der Meer, Fuentes, Kaptein, Schoones, de Waal, Goudriaan, Kramers, Schellekens, Somers, Bossong and Batalla. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Drug addiction
• dc.subject.keyword Hallucinogens
• dc.subject.keyword Psilocybin
• dc.subject.keyword Psychotherapy
• dc.subject.keyword Substance abuse
• dc.subject.keyword Substance-related disorders
• dc.title Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: a systematic review
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion