The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution

Tomato Genome Consortium; Sato, S.; Guigó Serra, Roderic; Cámara, Francisco; Gianese, S.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11119

The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution

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The Tomato Genome Consortium, Sato S, Tabata S, Hirakawa H, Asamizu E, Shirasawa K et al. The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution. Nature. 2012; 485(7400): 635-41. DOI: 10.1038/nature11119

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major crop plant and a model system for fruit development. Solanum is one of the largest angiosperm genera and includes annual and perennial plants from diverse habitats. Here we present a high-quality genome sequence of domesticated tomato, a draft sequence of its closest wild relative, Solanum pimpinellifolium, and compare them to each other and to the potato genome (Solanum tuberosum). The two tomato genomes show only 0.6% nucleotide divergence and signs of recent admixture, but show more than 8% divergence from potato, with nine large and several smaller inversions. In contrast to Arabidopsis, but similar to soybean, tomato and potato small RNAs map predominantly to gene-rich chromosomal regions, including gene promoters. The Solanum lineage has experienced two consecutive genome triplications: one that is ancient and shared with rosids, and a more recent one. These triplications set the stage for the neofunctionalization of genes controlling fruit characteristics, such as colour and fleshiness.