Non-STEMI vs. STEMI cardiogenic shock: clinical profile and long-term outcomes

Martínez, María José; Rueda, Ferran; Labata, Carlos; Oliveras, Teresa; Montero, Santiago; Ferrer, Marc; El Ouaddi, Nabil; Serra, Jordi; Lupón, Josep; Bayés-Genís, Antoni; García-García, Cosme

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123558

Non-STEMI vs. STEMI cardiogenic shock: clinical profile and long-term outcomes

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Martínez MJ, Rueda F, Labata C, Oliveras T, Montero S, Ferrer M, et al. Non-STEMI vs. STEMI cardiogenic shock: clinical profile and long-term outcomes. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 20; 11(12): 3558. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123558

Abstract

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a severe complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In AMI-CS, the ST segment deviation on ECG may be elevated (STEMI-CS) or non-elevated (NSTEMI-CS), which may influence prognosis. Our aim was to analyze the clinical profile, acute-phase prognosis, and long-term outcomes of CS relative to the ST pattern on admission. In a prospective registry of 4647 AMI patients admitted to the intensive cardiac care unit of a university hospital between 2010 and 2019, we compared the clinical characteristics, 30-days case fatality, and long-term outcomes of AMI-CS, based on the presence of ST-segment deviation. AMI-CS developed in 239 (5.1%) patients (26.4% women): 190 (79.5%) STEMI-CS and 49 (20.5%) NSTEMI-CS. The mean age was 69.7 years. The STEMI-CS patients had larger infarcts and more mechanical complications than the NSTEMI-CS patients. The NSTEMI-CS patients had a greater prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, previous cardiovascular comorbidities, three-vessel disease, and left main disease than the STEMI-CS patients. The STEMI-CS patients had higher 30-day mortality than the NSTEMI-CS (59.5% vs. 36.7%; p = 0.004), even after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.16-3.14), but no differences in mortality were observed at 3 years. In conclusion, the 30-day case-fatality is higher in STEMI-CS, but the long-term outcome is similar in both groups.