Sensitization to isothiazolinones in the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). 2019-2021 epidemiological situation

Hernández Fernández, Carlos Pelayo; Giménez Arnau, Anna Maria; García-Doval, Ignacio

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.14251

Sensitization to isothiazolinones in the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). 2019-2021 epidemiological situation

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Hernández Fernández CP, Borrego L, Mercader García P, Giménez Arnau AM, Sánchez Pérez J, Silvestre Salvador JF, et al. Sensitization to isothiazolinones in the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). 2019-2021 epidemiological situation. Contact Dermatitis. 2023 Mar; 88(3): 212-9. DOI: 10.1111/cod.14251

Abstract

Background: current frequency and risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) in Spain are not well known. Objectives: to study the frequency of sensitization, risk factors and simultaneous sensitization between the four isothiazolinones. Materials and methods: we analysed all 2019-2021 consecutive patients patch-tested with MI (0.2% aq.), MCI/MI (0.02% aq.), BIT (0.1% pet.) and OIT (0.1% pet) within the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC). Results: a total of 2511 patients were analysed. Frequencies of sensitization were: any isothiazolinone 15.7%, MI 6.8%, MCI/MI 4.8%, BIT 3.5% and OIT 0.5%. MI and MCI/MI sensitization was associated with being occupationally active, hand dermatitis, detergents and age over 40. BIT sensitization was associated with leg dermatitis and age over 40. About one in nine MI-positive patients were positive to BIT, whereas one in five BIT-positive patients were positive to MI. Conclusions: sensitization to MI, MCI/MI and BIT is still common in Spain, while sensitization to OIT is rare. Currently, sensitization to MI and MCI/MI seems to be occupationally related. Although its origin is unknown, sensitization to BIT is more frequent in patients aged over 40 years. Simultaneous sensitization between MI and BIT is uncommon.