Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with plasma saturated fatty acids at baseline in Predimed Plus Trial

Domínguez-López, Inés; Fitó Colomer, Montserrat; Castañer, Olga; Malcampo, Mireia; Lamuela Raventós, Rosa Ma.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202100363

Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with plasma saturated fatty acids at baseline in Predimed Plus Trial

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Domínguez-López I, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Hernáez Á, Moreno JJ, Martínez-González MÁ et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with plasma saturated fatty acids at baseline in Predimed Plus Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021 Sep;65(17):e2100363. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100363

Abstract

Scope: Plasma fatty acids (FAs) are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study is to assess the relationship between fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption and plasma FAs and their subtypes. Methods and results: Plasma FAs are assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample of 240 subjects from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Participants are categorized into four groups of fruit, vegetable, and fat intake according to the food frequency questionnaire. Plasma FA analysis is performed using gas chromatography. Associations between FAs and F&V consumption are adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), total energy intake, and alcohol consumption. Plasma saturated FAs are lower in groups with high F&V consumption (-1.20 mg cL-1 [95% CI: [-2.22, -0.18], p-value = 0.021), especially when fat intake is high (-1.74 mg cL-1 [95% CI: [-3.41, -0.06], p-value = 0.042). Total FAs and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs tend to be lower in high consumers of F&V only in the high-fat intake groups. Conclusions: F&V consumption is associated with lower plasma saturated FAs when fat intake is high. These findings suggest that F&V consumption may have different associations with plasma FAs depending on their subtype and on the extent of fat intake.