Physical activity and mental health: a systematic review

Abstract

Mental disorders are leading causes of ill-health and disability worldwide. Various factors influence mental health, such as lifestyle (diet, sport, alcohol and drug consumption), social environment/context, work conditions, family background and individual characteristics. This study focuses on lifestyle and, in particular, in the effects of physical activity. Numerous international health organisations have outlined the benefits of physical activity in reducing the risk of physical and mental illnesses. The objective of this paper is to conduct a rigorous systematic review on the relationship between physical activity and mental health. Through the analysis of 51 studies, we provide an overview, a comparison and a summary the main findings of this association. We also identify research gaps and priorities for further study. We find a positive relationship between physical activity and mental health. As a result, physical activity interventions may serve as a cost-effective mean to promote physical and mental health, as it also facilitates mental development.