Brief training of technical bleeding control skills — a pilot study with security forces

Manteiga-Urbón, Jose Luis; Fernández-Méndez, Felipe; Otero-Agra, Martín; Fernández-Méndez, María; Santos-Folgar, Myriam; Insa-Calderón, Esther; Sobrido-Prieto, María; Barcala-Furelos, Roberto; Martínez-Isasi, Santiago

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032494

Brief training of technical bleeding control skills — a pilot study with security forces

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Manteiga-Urbón JL, Fernández-Méndez F, Otero-Agra M, Fernández-Méndez M, Santos-Folgar M, Insa-Calderon E, et al. Brief training of technical bleeding control skills — a pilot study with security forces. IJERPH. 2023 Feb 1;20(3):2494. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032494

Abstract

Uncontrolled external bleeding is a common cause of preventable death, and due to the environment in which these events often occur, e.g., in hostile environments, the state security forces are usually the first responders, and in many cases, if they are injured their partners provide the initial assistance. The tourniquet is a fast, effective, and easy-to-learn intervention, although there is a knowledge gap concerning training techniques. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a bleeding control training program on a high-fidelity mannequin in a simulated critical situation in a law enforcement training environment. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 27 members of the state security forces. They underwent brief theoretical–practical training and were evaluated via a scenario involving a critically ill patient in a hostile environment. The results showed that no member of the state security forces completed all the tourniquet placement steps, 26 (96%) prepared the tourniquet correctly, 21 (77.8%) placed it on the leg, and all the participants adjusted the band to the thickness of the injured limb and secured the windlass to the triangular flange of the device. However, only 23 (85.2%) of the participants placed it effectively. The participants, who were members of the state security forces, were able to effectively resolve a critical situation with active bleeding in a simulation scenario with a high-fidelity mannequin after completing theoretical–practical training.