Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective

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• dc.contributor.author Mielke, Michelle M.
• dc.contributor.author Arenaza Urquijo, Eider M.
• dc.contributor.author Brugulat Serrat, Anna, 1986-
• dc.contributor.author Babulal, Ganesh M.
• dc.date.accessioned 2022-07-26T14:45:30Z
• dc.date.available 2022-07-26T14:45:30Z
• dc.date.issued 2022
• dc.description.abstract Sex or gender differences in the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) differ by world region, suggesting that there are potentially modifiable risk factors for intervention. However, few epidemiological or clinical ADRD studies examine sex differences; even fewer evaluate gender in the context of ADRD risk. The goals of this perspective are to: (1) provide definitions of gender, biologic sex, and sexual orientation. and the limitations of examining these as binary variables; (2) provide an overview of what is known with regard to sex and gender differences in the risk, prevention, and diagnosis of ADRD; and (3) discuss these sex and gender differences from a global, worldwide perspective. Identifying drivers of sex and gender differences in ADRD throughout the world is a first step in developing interventions unique to each geographical and sociocultural area to reduce these inequities and to ultimately reduce global ADRD risk. HIGHLIGHTS: The burden of dementia is unevenly distributed geographically and by sex and gender. Scientific advances in genetics and biomarkers challenge beliefs that sex is binary. Discrimination against women and sex and gender minority (SGM) populations contributes to cognitive decline. Sociocultural factors lead to gender inequities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) worldwide.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Mielke MM, Aggarwal NT, Vila-Castelar C, Agarwal P, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Brett B et al. Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective. Alzheimers Dement. 2022 Dec;18(12):2707-24. DOI: 10.1002/alz.12662
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.12662
• dc.identifier.issn 1552-5260
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53815
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Wiley
• dc.relation.ispartof Alzheimers Dement. 2022 Dec;18(12):2707-24
• dc.rights © 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Alzheimer's
• dc.subject.keyword Ethnicity
• dc.subject.keyword Gender
• dc.subject.keyword Global health
• dc.subject.keyword Risk factors
• dc.subject.keyword Sex
• dc.subject.keyword Sociocultural factors
• dc.title Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion