The science of art theft: using data to identify criminal patterns, 1990-2022

Clopés, Sandra; Balcells, Marc

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0940739125000098

The science of art theft: using data to identify criminal patterns, 1990-2022

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Citation

Clopés S, Balcells M. The science of art theft: using data to identify criminal patterns, 1990-2022. International journal of cultural property. 2025;1-17 p. DOI: 10.1017/S0940739125000098

Abstract

Art theft is still a crime surrounded by inaccuracies. From the perception of flashy fictional thieves to unintentionally misleading monetary claims, the general public and some art and security professionals have a distorted vision of the scope of the criminal enterprise. As there is an alarming lack of empirical studies into the matter, this study aims to remedy the issue through the elaboration of a database to find common characteristics and aspects of interest amongst multiple art heists from the last three decades to provide a better understanding of crucial theft traits such as defeated security measures, methods of deception, timing and target selection, use of weapons and insider participation impact. Results indicate thieves tend to use brute force to defeat security measures; diversions and deceptions are a standard, uniform trends are present in absolute timing matters, and neither the use of weapons nor insiders appears to be the norm.