Fourteen pathways between urban transportation and health: A conceptual model and literature review
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- dc.contributor.author Glazener, Andrew
- dc.contributor.author Sanchez, Kristen A.
- dc.contributor.author Ramani, Tara
- dc.contributor.author Zietsman, Josias
- dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
- dc.contributor.author Mindell, Jennifer S.
- dc.contributor.author Fox, Mary
- dc.contributor.author Khreis, Haneen
- dc.date.accessioned 2022-05-26T06:23:19Z
- dc.date.available 2022-05-26T06:23:19Z
- dc.date.issued 2021
- dc.description.abstract Introduction: Transportation is an integral part of our daily lives, giving us access to people, education, jobs, services, and goods. Our transportation choices and patterns are influenced by four interrelated factors: the land use and built environment, infrastructure, available modes, and emerging technologies/disruptors. These factors influence how we can or choose to move ourselves and goods. In turn, these factors impact various exposures, lifestyles and health outcomes. Aim and methods: We developed a conceptual model to clarify the connections between transportation and health. We conducted a literature review focusing on publications from the past seven years. We complemented this with expert knowledge and synthesized information to summarize the health outcomes of transportation, along 14 identified pathways. Results: The pathways linking transportation to health include those that are beneficial, such as when transportation serves as means for social connectivity, independence, physical activity, and access. Some pathways link transportation to detrimental health outcomes from air pollution, road travel injuries, noise, stress, urban heat islands, contamination, climate change, community severance, and restricted green space, blue space, and aesthetics. Other possible effects may come from electromagnetic fields, but this is not definitive. We define each pathway and summarize its health outcomes. We show that transportation-related exposures and associated health outcomes, and their severity, can be influenced by inequity and intrinsic and extrinsic effect modifiers. Conclusions: While some pathways are widely discussed in the literature, others are new or under-researched. Our conceptual model can form the basis for future studies looking to explore the transportation-health nexus. We also propose the model as a tool to holistically assess the impact of transportation decisions on public health.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Glazener A, Sanchez K, Ramani T, Zietsman J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Mindell JS, Fox M, Khreis H. Fourteen pathways between urban transportation and health: A conceptual model and literature review. Journal of Transport & Health. 2021; 2021:101070. DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2021.101070
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101070
- dc.identifier.issn 2214-1405
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53271
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Journal of Transport & Health. 2021; 2021:101070
- dc.rights © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword Public health
- dc.subject.keyword Transportation
- dc.subject.keyword Motor vehicles
- dc.subject.keyword Urban
- dc.subject.keyword Equity
- dc.subject.keyword Mortality
- dc.subject.keyword Morbidity
- dc.title Fourteen pathways between urban transportation and health: A conceptual model and literature review
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion