Peptide-platinum(IV) conjugation minimizes the negative impact of current anticancer chemotherapy on nonmalignant cells

Abstract

The relative success of platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy comes at the cost of severe adverse side effects and is associated with a high risk of pro-oncogenic activation in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report the synthesis of C-POC, a novel Pt(IV) cell-penetrating peptide conjugate showing a reduced impact against nonmalignant cells. In vitro and in vivo evaluation using patient-derived tumor organoids and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry indicates that C-POC maintains robust anticancer efficacy while displaying diminished accumulation in healthy organs and reduced adverse toxicity compared to the standard Pt-based therapy. Likewise, C-POC uptake is significantly lowered in the noncancerous cells populating the tumor microenvironment. This results in the downregulation of versican, a biomarker of metastatic spreading and chemoresistance that we found upregulated in patients treated with standard Pt-based therapy. Altogether, our findings underscore the importance of considering the off-target impact of anticancer treatment on normal cells to improve drug development and patient care.