Ambrosioni, JuanDíaz, Natalia AnahíMarzolini, CatiaDragovic, GordanaImaz, ArkaitzCalcagno, AndreaLuque Pardos, SòniaCurran, AdrianTroya, JesúsTuset, MontserratKhoo, SayeBurger, DavidCortés, Claudia P.Naous, NadiaMolto, Jose2024-10-212024-10-212024Ambrosioni J, Díaz NA, Marzolini C, Dragovic G, Imaz A, Calcagno A, et al. Outcomes of drug interactions between antiretrovirals and co-medications, including over-the-counter drugs: A real-world study. Infect Dis Ther. 2024 Mar;13(3):609-17. DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00935-02193-6382http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68269Introduction: The objective was to characterize real-world outcomes of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between antiretrovirals (ARVs) and other drugs, including over-the-counter medications (OTC), and treatment outcomes in clinical practice. Methods: www.clinicalcasesDDIs.com is an open-access website for healthcare providers to consult and briefly describe real-world clinical cases on DDI with ARVs. We reviewed all the clinical cases reported to the website between March 2019 and May 2023. Results: A total of 139 cases were reported, mostly involving ritonavir or cobicistat (boosters; 74 cases), unboosted integrase inhibitors (InSTI; 29 cases), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI; 23 cases). Central nervous system drugs (29 cases) and cardiovascular drugs (19 cases) were the most frequently described co-medications. Notably, OTC medications were implicated in 27 cases, including mineral supplements (11 cases), herbals (8 cases), weight loss drugs (4 cases), anabolic steroids (3 cases), and recreational drugs (1 case). OTC acted as the perpetrator drug in 21 cases, leading to loss of ARV efficacy in 17 instances (mineral supplements in 10 cases, weight loss drugs in 4 cases, herbals in 3 cases). Additionally, toxicity was reported in 4 out of 6 cases where OTC was considered the victim drug of the DDI (anabolic steroids in 3 cases, MDMA in 1 case). Conclusions: Frequent unwanted outcomes resulting from DDIs between ARVs and OTC medications underscore the importance of integrating non-prescription drugs into medication reconciliation. The real-world data available through www.clinicalcasesDDIs.com serves as a valuable resource for assessing the clinical relevance of DDIs.application/pdfeng© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-024-00935-0Drug interactionsHIV infectionOver-the-counter medicationsReal-life clinical casesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess