Lazarus, Jeffrey V.Ortiz, AlbertoTyrovolas, StefanosFernández, EsteveGuy, DanielleWhite, Trenton M.Ma, RuiHay, Simon INaghavi, MohsenSoriano, Joan B.GBD 2019 Spain Collaborators2023-01-132023-01-132022Lazarus JV, Ortiz A, Tyrovolas S, Fernández E, Guy D, White TM, Ma R, Hay SI, Naghavi M, Soriano JB; GBD 2019 Spain Collaborators. A GBD 2019 study of health and Sustainable Development Goal gains and forecasts to 2030 in Spain. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 7;12(1):21154. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24719-z2045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55264This study aimed to report mortality, risk factors, and burden of diseases in Spain. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 estimates the burden due to 369 diseases, injuries, and impairments and 87 risk factors and risk factor combinations. Here, we detail the updated Spain 1990-2019 burden of disease estimates and project certain metrics up to 2030. In 2019, leading causes of death were ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, and lung cancer. Main causes of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, lung cancer, low back pain, and stroke. Leading DALYs risk factors included smoking, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose. Spain scored 74/100 among all health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators, ranking 20 of 195 countries and territories. We forecasted that by 2030, Spain would outpace Japan, the United States, and the European Union. Behavioural risk factors, such as smoking and poor diet, and environmental factors added a significant burden to the Spanish population's health in 2019. Monitoring these trends, particularly in light of COVID-19, is essential to prioritise interventions that will reduce the future burden of disease to meet population health and SDG commitments.application/pdfeng© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24719-zDiseasesRisk factorsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess