James, Maddie E.Wilkinson, Melanie J.Bernal, Diana M.Liu, HuanleNorth, Henry L.Engelstädter, JanOrtiz-Barrientos, Daniel2022-04-292022-04-292021James ME, Wilkinson MJ, Bernal DM, Liu H, North HL, Engelstädter et al. Phenotypic and genotypic parallel evolution in parapatric ecotypes of Senecio. Evolution. 2021 Dec;75(12):3115-3131. DOI:10.1111/evo.143870014-3820http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52945The independent and repeated adaptation of populations to similar environments often results in the evolution of similar forms. This phenomenon creates a strong correlation between phenotype and environment and is referred to as parallel evolution. However, we are still largely unaware of the dynamics of parallel evolution, as well as the interplay between phenotype and genotype within natural systems. Here, we examined phenotypic and genotypic parallel evolution in multiple parapatric Dune-Headland coastal ecotypes of an Australian wildflower, Senecio lautus. We observed a clear trait-environment association in the system, with all replicate populations having evolved along the same phenotypic evolutionary trajectory. Similar phenotypes have arisen via mutational changes occurring in different genes, although many share the same biological functions. Our results shed light on how replicated adaptation manifests at the phenotypic and genotypic levels within populations, and highlight S. lautus as one of the most striking cases of phenotypic parallel evolution in nature.application/pdfeng© 2021 Maddie E. James et al. Evolution published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are madeFenotipGenotipAdaptació (Biologia)EvolucióSenecio lautusinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.14387info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess