Osuna, AnaUlldemolins, AnnaSanz-Fraile, HectorOtero, JorgeFarré López, NúriaFarré, RamonAlmendros, Isaac2022-06-282022-06-282021Osuna A, Ulldemolins A, Sanz-Fraile H, Otero J, Farré N, Farré R, et al. Experimental setting for applying mechanical stimuli to study the endothelial response of ex vivo vessels under realistic pathophysiological environments. Life (Basel). 2021 Jul 8; 11(7): 671. DOI: 10.3390/life110706712075-1729http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53609This paper describes the design, construction and testing of an experimental setting, making it possible to study the endothelium under different pathophysiological conditions. This novel experimental approach allows the application of the following stimuli to an ex vivo vessel in a physiological bath: (a) a realistic intravascular pressure waveform defined by the user; (b) shear stress in the endothelial layer since, in addition to the pressure waveform, the flow through the vessel can be independently controlled by the user; (c) conditions of hypo/hyperoxia and hypo/hypercapnia in an intravascular circulating medium. These stimuli can be applied alone or in different combinations to study possible synergistic or antagonistic effects. The setting performance is illustrated by a proof of concept in an ex vivo rabbit aorta. The experimental setting is easy to build by using very low-cost materials widely available. Online Supplement files provide all the technical information (e.g., circuits, codes, 3D printer drivers) following an open-source hardware approach for free replication.application/pdfengCopyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070671BioreactorExperimental physiologyHypoxiaMechanical stimuliOpen-source hardwareVessel mechanicsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess