Garcés-Mascareñas, BlancaPenninx, Rinus2024-10-222024-10-222016Garcés-Mascareñas B, Penninx R. Analysis and conclusions. In: Garcés-Mascareñas B, Penninx R, editors. Integration processes and policies in Europe: contexts, levels and actors. Cham: Springer; c2016. p. 189-202. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_119783319216737http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68288This chapter recaps the main findings of this volume, which has taken stock of existing research on integration processes and policies in Europe. It summarizes what research says about integration processes, in particular, the relevance of actors in origin countries for integration. A few general conclusions are drawn. First, integration policies—or policies under the flag of integration—have developed at many levels of government: nationally, locally, regionally, and at the supra-national level of the European Union. This last is a relative newcomer, but an increasingly important platform for all. “Multilevelness” is a characteristic that will remain influential into the future. Second, a multitude of stakeholders has become involved in integration as policy designers and implementers. These include not only governmental and quasi-governmental actors but also immigrant collectives, civil society, social partners, and nongovernmental agents. They bring to the policymaking table quite different views on what integration is, what integration policies should promote, and who needs what assistance in the integration process. Finally, the European Commission’s shift from a definition of integration as a two-way process to a three-way process is found to reflect mainly an effort to bring together the policy activities of different parties (i.e., in countries of origin and destination) in the different but related fields of integration, immigration control, and Migration & Development. Policies in these three fields had previously developed simultaneously but separately. Thus a logic of policymaking—and not an evidence-based scientific argument—can be said to underlie the European Commission’s redefinition of integration.application/pdfeng© 2016 The Author(s). This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 2.5 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt, or reproduce the material.info:eu-repo/semantics/bookParthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_11European UnionDestination countryIntegration policyOrigin countryEuropean Union levelinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess