Urpi-Sardà, MireiaCasas, RosaSacanella, EmilioCorella, DoloresAndrés-Lacueva, CristinaLlorach, RafaelGarrabou, GlòriaCardellach, FrancescSala Vila, AleixRos, EmilioRuiz-Canela, MiguelFitó Colomer, MontserratSalas-Salvadó, JordiEstruch, Ramón2022-05-202022-05-202021Urpi-Sarda M, Casas R, Sacanella E, Corella D, Andrés-Lacueva C, Llorach R, et al. The 3-year effect of the mediterranean diet intervention on inflammatory biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease. Biomedicines. 2021 Jul 22; 9(8): 862. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines90808622227-9059http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53189The intervention with the Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has evidenced short-term anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known about its long-term anti-inflammatory properties at molecular level. This study aims to investigate the 3-year effect of MD interventions compared to low-fat diet (LFD) on changes on inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in a free-living population with a high-risk of cardiovascular disease (CD). Participants (n = 285) in the PREDIMED trial were randomly assigned into three intervention groups: MD with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or MD-Nuts, and a LFD. Fourteen plasma inflammatory biomarkers were determined by Luminex assays. An additional pilot study of gene expression (GE) was determined by RT-PCR in 35 participants. After 3 years, both MDs showed a significant reduction in the plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, hs-CRP, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, and ENA78 (p < 0.05; all). The decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α after MD significantly differed from those in the LFD (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed at the gene level after MD interventions, however, the GE of CXCR2 and CXCR3 tended to increase in the control LFD group (p = 0.09). This study supports the implementation of MD as a healthy long-term dietary pattern in the prevention of CD in populations at high cardiovascular risk.application/pdfengCopyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080862Cardiovascular diseasesDietary patternGene expressionInflammationNutritioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess