Emilsson, Össur IngiHägg, Shadi AmidLindberg, EvaFranklin, KarlTorén, KjellBenediktsdóttir, BryndísAspelund, ThorGómez Real, FranciscoLeynaert, BénédicteDemoly, PascalSigsgaard, TorbenPerret, Jennifer L.Malinovschi, AndreiJarvis, DeborahGarcía Aymerich, JudithGislason, ThorarinnJanson, Christer2022-05-192022-05-192019Emilsson ÖI, Hägg SA, Lindberg E, Franklin KA, Toren K, Benediktsdottir B, Aspelund T, Gómez Real F, Leynaert B, Demoly P, Sigsgaard T, Perret J, Malinovschi A, Jarvis D, Garcia-Aymerich J, Gislason T, Janson C. Snoring and nocturnal reflux: association with lung function decline and respiratory symptoms. ERJ Open Res. 2019 May 28;5(2):00010-2019. DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00010-20192312-0541http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53153Introduction: The study aim was to examine the association of snoring and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux (nGOR) with respiratory symptoms and lung function, and if snoring and/or nGOR associated with a steeper decline in lung function. Methods: Data from the third visit of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was used for cross-sectional analysis. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed, and information on sleep, nGOR and respiratory symptoms was collected (n=5715). Habitual snoring and nGOR were assessed by questionnaire reports. Pre-bronchodilator spirometry from ECRHS I, II and III (20 years follow-up) were used to analyse lung function changes by multivariate regression analysis. Results: Snoring and nGOR were independently associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze, chest tightness, breathlessness, cough and phlegm. The prevalence of any respiratory symptom was 79% in subjects with both snoring and nGOR versus 56% in those with neither (p<0.001). Subjects with both snoring and nGOR had more frequent exacerbations (adjusted prevalence 32% versus 19% among "no snoring, no nGOR", p=0.003). Snoring but not nGOR was associated with a steeper decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s over 10 years after adjusting for confounding factors (change in % predicted -5.53, versus -4.58 among "no snoring", p=0.04) and forced vital capacity (change in % predicted -1.94, versus -0.99 among "no snoring", p=0.03). Conclusions: Adults reporting both habitual snoring and nGOR had more respiratory symptoms and more frequent exacerbations of these symptoms. Habitual snoring was associated with a steeper decline in lung function over time.application/pdfeng© ERS 2019. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0.info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00010-2019info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess