Mas Sandoval, Àlex, 1989-Arauna, Lara RGouveia, Mateus H.Barreto, Mauricio L.Horta, Bernardo L.Lima-Costa, Maria FernandaPereira, Alexandre C.Salzano, Francisco MauroHünemeier, TábitaTarazona-Santos, EduardoBortolini, Maria CátiraComas, David, 1969-2019-10-082019-10-082019Mas-Sandoval A, Arauna LR, Gouveia MH, Barreto ML, Horta BL, Lima-Costa MF et al. Reconstructed lost native american populations from eastern Brazil are shaped by differential jê/tupi ancestry. Genome Biol Evol. 2019;11(9):2593-604. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz1611759-6653http://hdl.handle.net/10230/42408After the colonization of the Americas by Europeans and the consequent Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, most Native American populations in eastern Brazil disappeared or went through an admixture process that configured a population composed of three main genetic components: the European, the sub-Saharan African, and the Native American. The study of the Native American genetic history is challenged by the lack of availability of genome-wide samples from Native American populations, the technical difficulties to develop ancient DNA studies, and the low proportions of the Native American component in the admixed Brazilian populations (on average 7%). We analyzed genome-wide data of 5,825 individuals from three locations of eastern Brazil: Salvador (North-East), Bambui (South-East), and Pelotas (South) and we reconstructed populations that emulate the Native American groups that were living in the 16th century around the sampling locations. This genetic reconstruction was performed after local ancestry analysis of the admixed Brazilian populations, through the rearrangement of the Native American haplotypes into reconstructed individuals with full Native American ancestry (51 reconstructed individuals in Salvador, 45 in Bambui, and 197 in Pelotas). We compared the reconstructed populations with nonadmixed Native American populations from other regions of Brazil through haplotype-based methods. Our results reveal a population structure shaped by the dichotomy of Tupi-/Jê-speaking ancestry related groups. We also show evidence of a decrease of the diversity of nonadmixed Native American groups after the European contact, in contrast with the reconstructed populations, suggesting a reservoir of the Native American genetic diversity within the admixed Brazilian population.application/pdfeng© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz161Human genome diversityNative American groupsBrazilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess