Montoro, Maria JuliaPomares, HelenaColl, RosaBernal del Castillo, TeresaTormo, MarJiménez, AnaBrunet, SalutCasaño, JavierOiartzabal, ItziarDíez-Campelo, MaríaRamos, FernandoRomero, RafaelSalido-Fiérrez, EduardoPedro Olive, CarmeBargay, JoanMuñoz-Novas, CarolinaLópez, RocíoRafel, MontserratValcárcel, DavidERASME study group2023-04-182023-04-182023Montoro MJ, Pomares H, Coll R, Bernal Del Castillo T, Tormo M, Jiménez A, Brunet S, Casaño J, Oiartzabal I, Díez-Campelo M, Ramos F, Romero R, Salido-Fiérrez E, Pedro C, Bargay J, Muñoz-Novas C, López R, Rafel M, Valcárcel D; ERASME study group. Evaluation of the outcomes of newly diagnosed patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome according to the initial therapeutical strategies chosen in usual clinical practice. Leuk Lymphoma. 2023 Mar;64(3):679-90. DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2154601042-8194http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56484Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of diseases without a care standard and show variability in treatment outcomes. This Spanish, observational, prospective study ERASME (CEL-SMD-2012-01) assessed the evolution of newly diagnosed and treatment-naïve high-risk MDS patients (according to IPPS-R). 204 patients were included: median age 73.0 years, 54.4% males, 69.6% 0-1 ECOG, and 94.6% with comorbidities. Active treatment was the most common strategy (52.0%) vs. stem cell transplantation (25.5%) and supportive care/watchful-waiting (22.5%). Overall (median) event-free survival was 7.9 months (9.1, 8.3, and 5.3); progression-free survival: 10.1 months (12.9, 12.8, and 4.3); and overall survival: 13.8 months (15.4, 14.9; 8.4), respectively, with significant differences among groups. Adverse events (AEs) of ≥3 grade were reported in 72.6% of patients; serious AEs reported in 60.6%. 33.1% of patients died due to AEs. Three patients developed second primary malignant neoplasms (median: 8.2 months). Our study showed better outcomes in patients receiving active therapy early after diagnosis.application/pdfeng© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2022.215460Clinical practiceHigh-riskMyelodysplastic syndromeReal-world evidenceTreatmentinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess