Gutiérrez Bedmar, MarioMartínez-González, Miguel Ángel, 1957-Muñoz-Bravo, CarlosRuiz-Canela, MiguelMariscal, AlbertoSalas Salvadó, JordiEstruch, RamónCorella, DoloresArós, FernandoFitó Colomer, MontserratLapetra, JoséSerra-Majem, LuisRos, EmilioAlonso-Gómez, ÁngelPortolés, OlgaFiol, MiquelBulló, MònicaCastañer, OlgaPinto, XavierGómez-Gracia, Enrique2018-05-042018-05-042017Gutiérrez-Bedmar M, Martínez-González MÁ, Muñoz-Bravo C, Ruiz-Canela M, Mariscal A, Salas-Salvadó J. et al. Chromium Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects　- Nested Case-Control Study in the Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) Study. Circ J. 2017 Jul 25;81(8):1183-1190. DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-00321347-4820http://hdl.handle.net/10230/34551BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on chromium (Cr) exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are still limited. Toenail Cr level (TCL) provides a time-integrated measure reflecting long-term Cr exposure. We measured TCL to assess the hypothesis that long-term Cr exposure was inversely associated with incident CVD in a population at high risk for CVD.Methods and Results:The associations between TCL and CVD were evaluated in a case-control study nested within the "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea" (PREDIMED) trial. We randomly selected 147 of the 288 patients diagnosed with CVD during follow-up and matched them on age and sex to 271 controls. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess TCL. In-person interviews, medical record reviews, and validated questionnaires were used to assess covariates. The fully adjusted OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile of toenail Cr was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.26-1.14; Ptrend=0.189) for the nested case-control study. On stratification for diabetes mellitus (DM), OR was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.54-3.46; Ptrend=0.364) for the DM group, and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.08-0.80; Ptrend=0.030) for the non-DM group (P for interaction=0.078). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings, although not statistically significant, are consistent with previously reported inverse associations between TCL and CVD. These results, especially for non-DM patients, increase the limited epidemiological knowledge about the possible protective role of Cr against CVD. (Trial registration: www.controlled-trials.com; ISRCTN35739639.).application/pdfeng© 2017 The Japanese Circulation SocietyMalalties cardiovascularsDiabetisMetalls -- Efectes fisiològicsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0032Cardiovascular diseaseChromiumDiabetesPREDIMEDToenail biomarkerinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess