Ciriello, GiovanniMagnani, LucaAitken, Sarah J.Akkari, LeilaBehjati, SamHanahan, DouglasLandau, Dan A.López Bigas, NúriaLupiáñez, Darío G.Marine, Jean-ChristopheMartin-Villalba, AnaNatoli, GioacchinoObenauf, Anna C.Oricchio, ElisaScaffidi, PaolaSottoriva, AndreaSwarbrick, AlexanderTonon, GiovanniVanharanta, SakariZuber, Johannes2025-03-282025-03-282024Ciriello G, Magnani L, Aitken SJ, Akkari L, Behjati S, Hanahan D, et al. Cancer evolution: A multifaceted affair. Cancer Discov. 2024 Jan 12;14(1):36-48. DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-05302159-8274http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70037Cancer cells adapt and survive through the acquisition and selection of molecular modifications. This process defines cancer evolution. Building on a theoretical framework based on heritable genetic changes has provided insights into the mechanisms supporting cancer evolution. However, cancer hallmarks also emerge via heritable nongenetic mechanisms, including epigenetic and chromatin topological changes, and interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Recent findings on tumor evolutionary mechanisms draw a multifaceted picture where heterogeneous forces interact and influence each other while shaping tumor progression. A comprehensive characterization of the cancer evolutionary toolkit is required to improve personalized medicine and biomarker discovery.application/pdfeng© 2023 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).CàncerTumorsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-0530info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess