Alajami, Abdussalam A.Palau, NilLopez-Soriano, SergioPous Andrés, Rafael2023-07-042023-07-042023Alajami AA, Palau N, Lopez-Soriano S, Pous R. A ROS-based distributed multi-robot localization and orientation strategy for heterogeneous robots. Intell Serv Robot. 2023;16(2):177-93. DOI: 10.1007/s11370-023-00457-71861-2776http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57447The problem of estimating and tracking the location and orientation of a mobile robot by another in heterogeneous distributed multi-robots is studied in this paper. We propose a distributed multi-robot localization strategy (DMLS) that is Robotic Operating System (ROS) based. It consists of an algorithm that fuses data of diverse sensors from 2 heterogeneous robots that are not connected within their transform trees to localize and measure the relative position and orientation. The method exploits the robust detection of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and the accurate relative position measurements from the local costmap. The algorithm is composed of two parts: The localization part and the relative orientation measurement part. Localization is done by optimization and alignment calibration of the CNN output with the costmap in an individual robot. The relative orientation measurement is done by a collaborative multi-robot fusing of diverse sensor data to align and synchronize the transform frames of both robots in their costmaps. To illustrate the performance of this strategy, the proposed method is compared with a conventional object localization and orientation measuring method that uses computer vision and QR codes. The results show that this proposed method is robust and accurate while maintaining a degree of simplicity and efficiency in costs. The paper also presents various application experiments in laboratory and simulation environments. By using the proposed method, distributed multi-robots collaborate to achieve collective intelligence from individuals, which increases team performance.application/pdfeng© The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecomm ons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11370-023-00457-7Multi-robotsLocalizationCollaborationExplorationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess