Garrett, Joanne K.White, Mathew P.Elliott, Lewis R.Grellier, JamesBell, SimonBratman, Gregory N.Economou, TheoGascon Merlos, Mireia, 1984-Lõhmus, MareNieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.Ojala, AnnRoiko, Annevan den Bosch, Matilda A.Ward Thompson, CatharineFleming, Lora E.2023-06-122023-06-122023Garrett JK, White MP, Elliott LR, Grellier J, Bell S, Bratman GN, et al. Applying an ecosystem services framework on nature and mental health to recreational blue space visits across 18 countries. Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 6;13:2209. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28544-w2045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57150The effects of ‘nature’ on mental health and subjective well-being have yet to be consistently integrated into ecosystem service models and frameworks. To address this gap, we used data on subjective mental well-being from an 18-country survey to test a conceptual model integrating mental health with ecosystem services, initially proposed by Bratman et al. We analysed a range of individual and contextual factors in the context of 14,998 recreational visits to blue spaces, outdoor environments which prominently feature water. Consistent with the conceptual model, subjective mental well-being outcomes were dependent upon on a complex interplay of environmental type and quality, visit characteristics, and individual factors. These results have implications for public health and environmental management, as they may help identify the bluespace locations, environmental features, and key activities, that are most likely to impact well-being, but also potentially affect recreational demand on fragile aquatic ecosystems.application/pdfengThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Salut mentalNaturaEspais naturalsEcosistemesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28544-winfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess